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Mary 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many bishops were deprived of their livings?

A

Seven

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2
Q

Reasons why economics were unimportant to wyatt rebellion

A

Variety of trades shared by rebels
Unemployment probably not enough

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3
Q

When did Charles V abdicate?

A

1556

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4
Q

2 foreigners Mary trusted fully

A

Simon Renard
Philip 2

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5
Q

Rank the reasons for Wyatt

A

Marriage/xenophobia
Religion
Economics

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6
Q

Why was Pole out of touch with popular sentiment?

A

He had been exiled for 24 years

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7
Q

Who was Gardiner’s preferred marriage candidate?

A

Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon

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8
Q

When was Wyatt’s Rebellion?

A

1554

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9
Q

What battle did Mary achieve success?

A

1557 Battle of St. Quentin - with the Spanish

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10
Q

Why was it convenient for Mary to emphasise the religious element of the Wyatt’s Rebellion?

A

She could blame it on protestants

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11
Q

Did Philip like the idea of marrying Mary?

A

No. It was Charles V who liked idea

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12
Q

What were Bishops instructed to do (education)?

A

Set up local training schools
Make regular visits to observe priests

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13
Q

1555 defeated bill

A

Seizure of property of exiled protestants

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14
Q

How old was Mary when she came to the throne?

A

37

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15
Q

How many rebels hanged?

A

About 100

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16
Q

What agricultural change was promoted?

A

Conversion of pasture land to crop farming

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17
Q

Initial problem with Mary’s ministers

A

No experience in government

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18
Q

What did the 1555 Second Act of Repeal do?

A

Abolished all doctrinal legislation post 1929.
Included 1534 Act of Supremacy… so reinstated Pope as head of the church.

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19
Q

Who were the Oxford Martyrs?

A

Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer

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20
Q

Once Philip 2 became King, how many times did he visit England?

A

Once

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21
Q

Pope Paul 4 attitude to Erasmus

A

A heretic.
Banned Catholics from reading his books.
Humanism weakened in influence.

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22
Q

Who led Devon rising?

A

Edward Courtenay…

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23
Q

Who did Mary not consult on the marriage?

A

The Privy Council

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24
Q

How many MPs opposed counter-reformation?

A

Around 80, a substantial minority

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25
Q

What financial plans were drawn up but not implemented until Liz?

A

Re-coinage

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26
Q

What was reorganised?

A

Finance and administration of navy, laying groundwork for powerful navy under Elizabeth.

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27
Q

Who betrayed the plot?

A

Courtenay

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28
Q

Why did Spain not really follow up Battle of St. Quentin?

A

Exhausted financially

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29
Q

What job did Pole get in 1556?

A

Archbishop of Canterbury

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30
Q

Who convinced Mary to do the burnings?

A

Pole

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31
Q

Why did Mary threaten to abdicate?

A

Pole/councillors arguing about church lands. Mary sided with Pole.

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32
Q

Example of moderate from Edward’s reign that Mary used.

A

William Paget

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33
Q

When did Mary have a bill defeated?

A

1555

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34
Q

What minister was most enthusiastic about war?

A

Paget

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35
Q

What did Mary never employ?

A

A chief minister

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36
Q

4 reasons Wyatt rebellion failed

A

Londoners refused to open gates.
3500 soldiers deserted Wyatt at London.
3/4 risings failed.
Had to act quickly because plot revealed.

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37
Q

What law reinstated the Pope?

A

1555 Act of Repeal

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38
Q

Who became Mary’s Lord Chancellor?

A

Stephen Gardiner

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39
Q

Why did councillors and parliament oppose papal dispensations of the ex-monastic lands?

A

No foreigner should have jurisdiction over English property

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40
Q

What was Mary more relucant to do than Henry 8?

A

Pursue treason charges without compelling evidence - shown by releasing Elizabeth

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41
Q

Who was pope 1550-55

A

Julius 3

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42
Q

When did England declare war on France?

A

June 1557

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43
Q

When did Philip and Mary marry?

A

July 1554

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44
Q

Within a year what had happened to clergy?

A

Been purged of Protestant elements

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45
Q

How many troops did Wyatt have when he reached London?

A

4000

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46
Q

Why was loss of Calais so big?

A

Last outpost on the continent.
Represented limited power England would have over European affairs.

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47
Q

Who valued the marriage more?

A

Mary

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48
Q

Why did Mary lose confidence in Paget?

A

Opposed her religious programme

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49
Q

When was Cranmer burnt?

A

1556

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50
Q

When did Mary lose Calais?

A

January 1558

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51
Q

How long was Elizabeth in the tower?

A

2 months

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52
Q

Why was Earl of Devon seen as unsuitable?

A

Lacked courtly skills, likelihood of increasing factional rivalries

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53
Q

Who would Mary have to rely on?

A

Those who had served Edward, so doctrinally opposed to her reforms.

54
Q

When was there influenza outbreaks? - known as sweating sickness at the time.

A

57 and 58

55
Q

Who led the French landing at Scarborough?

A

Thomas Stafford, Grandson of Duke of Buckingham - executed 1521

56
Q

Where did French troops land in England?

A

Scarborough

57
Q

Person involved in Wyatt rebellion related to LJG?

A

Her father, Duke of Suffolk

58
Q

How did Mary misenterpret a lot of the support when she came to power?

A

Much of it was a reaction to Northumberland and LJG, not a full embrace of Catholicism

59
Q

When did Stephen Gardiner die?

A

1555

60
Q

What did the Wyatt rebels hope to do?

A

Unseat Mary in favour of Elizabeth or LJG

61
Q

What did Renard write to Philip to say?

A

He should intervene because public opinion was so against the changes there would be a rebellion.

62
Q

Two executions where the crowd clearly supported those being burnt

A

Rowland and Taylor

63
Q

Main reason for Wyatt’s Rebellion?

A

Prospect of Philip marriage

64
Q

How can Mary’s delusion about her marriage be seen?

A

2 false pregancies in 54 and 57

65
Q

What did Cardinal Pole do which made him less useful?

A

Distanced himself from secular matters

66
Q

Who might have set Stafford up?

A

Paget

67
Q

How many priests had to seperate from their families?

A

2000

68
Q

Divide between exiled protestants

A

Whether to keep using 1552 prayer book

69
Q

Who was Edward Courtenay going to marry?

A

Elizabeth

70
Q

Who was the FBOTTATMROW primarily aimed at?

A

Mary 1

71
Q

Only real violence in London during Wyatt rebellion?

A

Attack on Gardiner’s house, new bishop of winchester. Indicates religious reasons

72
Q

What did 1554 heresy laws do?

A

Made it punishable by death to deny papal supremacy

73
Q

Why did taxation rise?

A

To pay for war with France

74
Q

Who was the Earl of Devon?

A

Edward Courtenay, prospective marriage candidate for Mary chosen by Gardiner

75
Q

When did parliament reject Philip’s inclusion in Treason Act?

A

1554

76
Q

What is there no evidence of in relation to Wyatt’s rebellion?

A

No evidence of any catholic leadership

77
Q

How many days before she died did Mary formally name Elizabeth her successor?

A

Eleven

78
Q

What port did Mary capture?

A

La Conquet - tiny

79
Q

How did Londoners react when Mary died?

A

Celebrated, called it ‘Hope Wednesday’

80
Q

1555 poor law

A

Extended 1552 act
Licensed beggars to wear badges
Encouraged parishioners to donate alms

81
Q

When did Pole arrive?

A

1554

82
Q

What religious move did Parliament pass in 1553?

A

Act of Repeal. Removed all religious legislation passed under Edward. Religious situation reset to 1547.

83
Q

2 main foreign policy objectives

A

Restore papal authority
Marry Philip - HEIR at the time

84
Q

When did Philip 2 become King of Spain?

A

1556

85
Q

Story that spread widely about woman being burnt.

A

Probably false. Woman gave birth and was then burnt, baby thrown on too.

86
Q

When did parliament prevent Philip’s coronation as king?

A

1555

87
Q

Who worked out the details of the marriage?

A

Mary and Renard

88
Q

How many protestants did Mary allow to go to Europe?

A

800 ish

89
Q

4 ways Mary limited Philip’s power in marriage agreement

A

1 - Would be called king but not have associated powers
2 - No foreigners could hold English office
3 - No claim to throne if she died
4 - Didn’t have to support any wars of Spain or assist financially

90
Q

Why did Mary never fully trust Gardiner?

A

He failed to support C of A, Mary’s mother, during break with Rome.

91
Q

Where were the other 3 risings that didn’t advance?

A

Leicestershire, Hertfordshire, Devon

92
Q

3 reasons for opposition to marriage

A

1 - Staunch catholic, many hated this
2 - possibility of him using England, especially as Mary was a woman
3 - How France would react and if it would end peace with Scotland

93
Q

Why could Wyatt’s declaration be false?

A

Religiously divided nation, easier to stoke nationalism.

94
Q

Movement of WHAT from town to countryside was discouraged.

A

Industry

95
Q

When was the Act of Supremacy?

A

1555

96
Q

What did the loss of Calais badly effect?

A

The English wool trade

97
Q

When did Ferdinand become Holy Roman Emperor?

A

1556

98
Q

2 areas that enthusiastically accepted Pole’s reforms?

A

Durham and Lancashire

99
Q

When was the second act of repeal?

A

1555

100
Q

Only region that the Wyatt’s Rebellion actually started?

A

Kent - deeply religiously radical area, indicates that religion was important

101
Q

Did Pole arrive before or after heresy laws?

A

Before, he was responsible

102
Q

When did Pole come to England?

A

1554

103
Q

How many protestants were burnt?

A

280 ish

104
Q

Reason why economics played a role in Wyatt

A

Unemployment + decline of textile industry in Kent since 1551
TENSIONS could make it easier to win over supporters, not neccessarily base cause.

105
Q

How did burning backfire?

A

Made martyrs.
Made people question what was so powerful about Protestantism that people would die for it.

106
Q

When were heresy laws reinstated?

A

1554

107
Q

Who was Charles V’s ambassador and later Philip 2’s advisor?

A

Simon Renard

108
Q

What did a national decree about standards do/say?

A

Laid down standards expected from priests.

109
Q

Legislation dilemma faced by Mary

A

Relying on statute law acknowledges statute law has precedence over divine law, accepting Henry 8’s laws were valid.

110
Q

What did war offer some nobility?

A

Chance to regain favour (following links to Edward 6’s regime)

111
Q

When did burnings take place?

A

1555-58

112
Q

What shows the failure of burnings?

A

Faced opposition from only a small number of ardent protestants at beginning of reign, widley unpopular by the end.

113
Q

Why was industry moving from town to countryside discouraged?

A

To prevent further rise in urban unemployment

114
Q

How many new ships were built?

A

6

115
Q

2 reasons monastic lands were not restored

A

Concern for property rights
Self-interest

116
Q

What pamphlet did John Knox write in 1558?

A

First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women

117
Q

Who became Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

Cardinal Pole

118
Q

Who’s death left a hole that was never fully filled?

A

Stephen Gardiner

119
Q

In what years was there serious economic distress?

A

1556-58

120
Q

Who was the pope from 1555?

A

Paul 4

121
Q

Why were her two FP objectives oppositional?

A

The pope hated the spanish.
Involvement in France-Spain conflict meant she was effectively at war with Papacy!!!

122
Q

What did Cranmer do when burnt?

A

Stuck his hand that signed his recantation in the fire first - this hand has offended! Powerful sign of a martyr.

123
Q

After release from tower, what happened to Elizabeth?

A

Effectively kept under house arrest in a series of mansions.

124
Q

When did Pole become Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

1556

125
Q

What did Wyatt delcare publically?

A

Only motivated by the marriage

126
Q

When were Mary’s false pregnancies?

A

1554 and 1557

127
Q

What did Philip say he had when he heard Mary died?

A

A reasonable regret

128
Q

What did the population suffer?

A

Bad harvests and influenza

129
Q

What full-scale attack in France failed?

A

Attack of Brest in 1558

130
Q

Where did France seize from the English?

A

Calais

131
Q

When was LJG executed?

A

1554

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