Mary 1 Flashcards
1
Q
How many bishops were deprived of their livings?
A
Seven
2
Q
Reasons why economics were unimportant to wyatt rebellion
A
Variety of trades shared by rebels
Unemployment probably not enough
3
Q
When did Charles V abdicate?
A
1556
4
Q
2 foreigners Mary trusted fully
A
Simon Renard
Philip 2
5
Q
Rank the reasons for Wyatt
A
Marriage/xenophobia
Religion
Economics
6
Q
Why was Pole out of touch with popular sentiment?
A
He had been exiled for 24 years
7
Q
Who was Gardiner’s preferred marriage candidate?
A
Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon
8
Q
When was Wyatt’s Rebellion?
A
1554
9
Q
What battle did Mary achieve success?
A
1557 Battle of St. Quentin - with the Spanish
10
Q
Why was it convenient for Mary to emphasise the religious element of the Wyatt’s Rebellion?
A
She could blame it on protestants
11
Q
Did Philip like the idea of marrying Mary?
A
No. It was Charles V who liked idea
12
Q
What were Bishops instructed to do (education)?
A
Set up local training schools
Make regular visits to observe priests
13
Q
1555 defeated bill
A
Seizure of property of exiled protestants
14
Q
How old was Mary when she came to the throne?
A
37
15
Q
How many rebels hanged?
A
About 100
16
Q
What agricultural change was promoted?
A
Conversion of pasture land to crop farming
17
Q
Initial problem with Mary’s ministers
A
No experience in government
18
Q
What did the 1555 Second Act of Repeal do?
A
Abolished all doctrinal legislation post 1929.
Included 1534 Act of Supremacy… so reinstated Pope as head of the church.
19
Q
Who were the Oxford Martyrs?
A
Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer
20
Q
Once Philip 2 became King, how many times did he visit England?
A
Once
21
Q
Pope Paul 4 attitude to Erasmus
A
A heretic.
Banned Catholics from reading his books.
Humanism weakened in influence.
22
Q
Who led Devon rising?
A
Edward Courtenay…
23
Q
Who did Mary not consult on the marriage?
A
The Privy Council
24
Q
How many MPs opposed counter-reformation?
A
Around 80, a substantial minority
25
What financial plans were drawn up but not implemented until Liz?
Re-coinage
26
What was reorganised?
Finance and administration of navy, laying groundwork for powerful navy under Elizabeth.
27
Who betrayed the plot?
Courtenay
28
Why did Spain not really follow up Battle of St. Quentin?
Exhausted financially
29
What job did Pole get in 1556?
Archbishop of Canterbury
30
Who convinced Mary to do the burnings?
Pole
31
Why did Mary threaten to abdicate?
Pole/councillors arguing about church lands. Mary sided with Pole.
32
Example of moderate from Edward's reign that Mary used.
William Paget
33
When did Mary have a bill defeated?
1555
34
What minister was most enthusiastic about war?
Paget
35
What did Mary never employ?
A chief minister
36
4 reasons Wyatt rebellion failed
Londoners refused to open gates.
3500 soldiers deserted Wyatt at London.
3/4 risings failed.
Had to act quickly because plot revealed.
37
What law reinstated the Pope?
1555 Act of Repeal
38
Who became Mary's Lord Chancellor?
Stephen Gardiner
39
Why did councillors and parliament oppose papal dispensations of the ex-monastic lands?
No foreigner should have jurisdiction over English property
40
What was Mary more relucant to do than Henry 8?
Pursue treason charges without compelling evidence - shown by releasing Elizabeth
41
Who was pope 1550-55
Julius 3
42
When did England declare war on France?
June 1557
43
When did Philip and Mary marry?
July 1554
44
Within a year what had happened to clergy?
Been purged of Protestant elements
45
How many troops did Wyatt have when he reached London?
4000
46
Why was loss of Calais so big?
Last outpost on the continent.
Represented limited power England would have over European affairs.
47
Who valued the marriage more?
Mary
48
Why did Mary lose confidence in Paget?
Opposed her religious programme
49
When was Cranmer burnt?
1556
50
When did Mary lose Calais?
January 1558
51
How long was Elizabeth in the tower?
2 months
52
Why was Earl of Devon seen as unsuitable?
Lacked courtly skills, likelihood of increasing factional rivalries
53
Who would Mary have to rely on?
Those who had served Edward, so doctrinally opposed to her reforms.
54
When was there influenza outbreaks? - known as sweating sickness at the time.
57 and 58
55
Who led the French landing at Scarborough?
Thomas Stafford, Grandson of Duke of Buckingham - executed 1521
56
Where did French troops land in England?
Scarborough
57
Person involved in Wyatt rebellion related to LJG?
Her father, Duke of Suffolk
58
How did Mary misenterpret a lot of the support when she came to power?
Much of it was a reaction to Northumberland and LJG, not a full embrace of Catholicism
59
When did Stephen Gardiner die?
1555
60
What did the Wyatt rebels hope to do?
Unseat Mary in favour of Elizabeth or LJG
61
What did Renard write to Philip to say?
He should intervene because public opinion was so against the changes there would be a rebellion.
62
Two executions where the crowd clearly supported those being burnt
Rowland and Taylor
63
Main reason for Wyatt's Rebellion?
Prospect of Philip marriage
64
How can Mary's delusion about her marriage be seen?
2 false pregancies in 54 and 57
65
What did Cardinal Pole do which made him less useful?
Distanced himself from secular matters
66
Who might have set Stafford up?
Paget
67
How many priests had to seperate from their families?
2000
68
Divide between exiled protestants
Whether to keep using 1552 prayer book
69
Who was Edward Courtenay going to marry?
Elizabeth
70
Who was the FBOTTATMROW primarily aimed at?
Mary 1
71
Only real violence in London during Wyatt rebellion?
Attack on Gardiner's house, new bishop of winchester. Indicates religious reasons
72
What did 1554 heresy laws do?
Made it punishable by death to deny papal supremacy
73
Why did taxation rise?
To pay for war with France
74
Who was the Earl of Devon?
Edward Courtenay, prospective marriage candidate for Mary chosen by Gardiner
75
When did parliament reject Philip's inclusion in Treason Act?
1554
76
What is there no evidence of in relation to Wyatt's rebellion?
No evidence of any catholic leadership
77
How many days before she died did Mary formally name Elizabeth her successor?
Eleven
78
What port did Mary capture?
La Conquet - tiny
79
How did Londoners react when Mary died?
Celebrated, called it 'Hope Wednesday'
80
1555 poor law
Extended 1552 act
Licensed beggars to wear badges
Encouraged parishioners to donate alms
81
When did Pole arrive?
1554
82
What religious move did Parliament pass in 1553?
Act of Repeal. Removed all religious legislation passed under Edward. Religious situation reset to 1547.
83
2 main foreign policy objectives
Restore papal authority
Marry Philip - HEIR at the time
84
When did Philip 2 become King of Spain?
1556
85
Story that spread widely about woman being burnt.
Probably false. Woman gave birth and was then burnt, baby thrown on too.
86
When did parliament prevent Philip's coronation as king?
1555
87
Who worked out the details of the marriage?
Mary and Renard
88
How many protestants did Mary allow to go to Europe?
800 ish
89
4 ways Mary limited Philip's power in marriage agreement
1 - Would be called king but not have associated powers
2 - No foreigners could hold English office
3 - No claim to throne if she died
4 - Didn't have to support any wars of Spain or assist financially
90
Why did Mary never fully trust Gardiner?
He failed to support C of A, Mary's mother, during break with Rome.
91
Where were the other 3 risings that didn't advance?
Leicestershire, Hertfordshire, Devon
92
3 reasons for opposition to marriage
1 - Staunch catholic, many hated this
2 - possibility of him using England, especially as Mary was a woman
3 - How France would react and if it would end peace with Scotland
93
Why could Wyatt's declaration be false?
Religiously divided nation, easier to stoke nationalism.
94
Movement of WHAT from town to countryside was discouraged.
Industry
95
When was the Act of Supremacy?
1555
96
What did the loss of Calais badly effect?
The English wool trade
97
When did Ferdinand become Holy Roman Emperor?
1556
98
2 areas that enthusiastically accepted Pole's reforms?
Durham and Lancashire
99
When was the second act of repeal?
1555
100
Only region that the Wyatt's Rebellion actually started?
Kent - deeply religiously radical area, indicates that religion was important
101
Did Pole arrive before or after heresy laws?
Before, he was responsible
102
When did Pole come to England?
1554
103
How many protestants were burnt?
280 ish
104
Reason why economics played a role in Wyatt
Unemployment + decline of textile industry in Kent since 1551
TENSIONS could make it easier to win over supporters, not neccessarily base cause.
105
How did burning backfire?
Made martyrs.
Made people question what was so powerful about Protestantism that people would die for it.
106
When were heresy laws reinstated?
1554
107
Who was Charles V's ambassador and later Philip 2's advisor?
Simon Renard
108
What did a national decree about standards do/say?
Laid down standards expected from priests.
109
Legislation dilemma faced by Mary
Relying on statute law acknowledges statute law has precedence over divine law, accepting Henry 8's laws were valid.
110
What did war offer some nobility?
Chance to regain favour (following links to Edward 6's regime)
111
When did burnings take place?
1555-58
112
What shows the failure of burnings?
Faced opposition from only a small number of ardent protestants at beginning of reign, widley unpopular by the end.
113
Why was industry moving from town to countryside discouraged?
To prevent further rise in urban unemployment
114
How many new ships were built?
6
115
2 reasons monastic lands were not restored
Concern for property rights
Self-interest
116
What pamphlet did John Knox write in 1558?
First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women
117
Who became Archbishop of Canterbury?
Cardinal Pole
118
Who's death left a hole that was never fully filled?
Stephen Gardiner
119
In what years was there serious economic distress?
1556-58
120
Who was the pope from 1555?
Paul 4
121
Why were her two FP objectives oppositional?
The pope hated the spanish.
Involvement in France-Spain conflict meant she was effectively at war with Papacy!!!
122
What did Cranmer do when burnt?
Stuck his hand that signed his recantation in the fire first - this hand has offended! Powerful sign of a martyr.
123
After release from tower, what happened to Elizabeth?
Effectively kept under house arrest in a series of mansions.
124
When did Pole become Archbishop of Canterbury?
1556
125
What did Wyatt delcare publically?
Only motivated by the marriage
126
When were Mary's false pregnancies?
1554 and 1557
127
What did Philip say he had when he heard Mary died?
A reasonable regret
128
What did the population suffer?
Bad harvests and influenza
129
What full-scale attack in France failed?
Attack of Brest in 1558
130
Where did France seize from the English?
Calais
131
When was LJG executed?
1554
