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Liz Flashcards

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1
Q

How many Acts passed by Elizabeth government?

A

438 - quite a lot

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2
Q

When was the Statute of Artificers?

A

1563

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3
Q

Did Elizabeth debase?

A

Never

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4
Q

2 families that balanced each other in court

A

Relatives of Boleyns and Parrs

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5
Q

When was recoinage?

A

1561

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6
Q

What did Elizabeth believe about marriage and succession?

A

Fell within royal royal prerogative and wasn’t up for discussion in Parliament or even Privy Council.

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7
Q

What was there an absence of on the Privy Council from the late 1580s?

A

Noblemen

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8
Q

When was Babington Plot?

A

1586

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9
Q

Who ordered Peter Wentworth to the tower in 1576?

A

Order of the House
Not Elizabeth

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10
Q

How much did debt rise 1558-1603?

A

£123,000

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11
Q

What was there a lack of from the Catholics?

A

Leadership to oppose settlement

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12
Q

The passage of religious doctrine up until 1563/71 thirty nine articles.

A

1536 - Ten Articles (more protestant)
1537 - Bishop’s Book (restored 4 sacraments)
1539 - Six Articles (more catholic)
1543 - King’s Articles (much more catholic)
1547 - Treason Act revoked 6 articles
1549 - Book of Common Prayer
1552 - Book of Common Prayer
1553 - 42 articles (never passed)
1553 - Act of Repeal (back to Kings)
1555 - Second Act of Repeal (1929)
1563 - 39 articles

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13
Q

Who succeeded Francis 2?

A

Charles 9

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14
Q

When was the Ridolfi plot?

A

1571

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15
Q

What were protests like Wentworth’s?

A

Very infrequent. Most MPs accepted Elizabeth’s restrictions.

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16
Q

How was Throckmorton plot foiled?

A

Efficiency of Walsingham’s network

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17
Q

What struggled the first time it was introduced in parliament?

A

Act of Supremacy. New one was introduced.

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18
Q

Main problem with MQofS as successor?

A

Ardent catholic

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19
Q

How did Elizabeth check Essex’s power?

A

Made sure Robert Cecil and allies dominated patronage. Completely lost it following bedchamber fiasco.

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20
Q

What monopoly did Elizabeth refuse to renew for Essex?

A

Sweet wines

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21
Q

How much did Elizabeth give Anjou?

A

£10,000

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22
Q

What was Norfolk like in early reign?

A

Impetuous and conservative

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23
Q

Why should Privy Council importance as decision making body not be overestimated?

A

Liz often consulted with ministers on individual basis

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24
Q

2 possible reasons for expansion of house of commons

A

1 - Filling it with 62 additional supporters
2 - Patronage system. Aristocrats pushed for them to reward local gentry

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25
Q

What did the Act of Uniformity 1559 introduce?

A

A new prayer book

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26
Q

When was the Poor Law Act?

A

1563

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27
Q

What happened when Francis 2 died to Mary?

A

Had to return to Scotland and accept power of protestants

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28
Q

Who criticised Whitgift’s encoragement of Act punishing sectaries?

A

One of Burley’s associates

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29
Q

1585 plot

A

Parry

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30
Q

What changed in administration as reign progressed?

A

Councillors involved themselves more in local administration and built networks of influence.

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31
Q

Number of members in Elizabeth council vs Mary

A

10 vs 50

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32
Q

What did Elizabeth fear if she married an englishman?

A

Loss of power and a ‘favourite’ gaining undue factional influence

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33
Q

1584 Catholic League/France and Spanish Treaty

A

Treaty of Joinville

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34
Q

What did England follow the Treaty of Berwick up with?

A

8000 troops entered Scotland and marched upon Leith

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35
Q

What were divisions between Cecil and Leicester?

A

Occasional and focused on specific policy issues.

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36
Q

What happened to 1596 armarda?

A

Defeated by storms… protestant wind again

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37
Q

When did Robert Dudley join Privy Council?

A

1562

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38
Q

What did Cecil fear from Catholics in 1559?

A

A crusade led by France

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39
Q

What were local magistrates made responsible for in Statute of Artificers?

A

Agricultural wages

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40
Q

Who was Warwick?

A

Brother of Leicester - Dudley

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41
Q

Who wrote Book of Martyrs?

A

Foxe

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42
Q

Who did Elizabeth send to the tower for sending warrant for Mary execution?

A

Secretary William Davison

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43
Q

When was Throckmorton plot?

A

1583

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44
Q

What did 1564 survey of JPs say?

A

Only half could be relied on to definitely enforce settlement

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45
Q

When did she ‘woo’ the Duke of Anjou?

A

1578/79

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46
Q

What is the more likely reason for 1562 intervention in France?

A

Pressure on French Crown to ensure return of Calais

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47
Q

Who was horrified by potential Dudley marriage?

A

William Cecil, his own influence would be seriously eroded

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48
Q

3 years in which parliament increased anti-catholic laws

A

1571, 1581, and 1585

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49
Q

What force had Cecil created in 1560?

A

Pro-english, pro-protestant. Would lead to James 6 Scotland / James 1 England

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50
Q

Outcome of Ridolfi plot

A

Duke of Norfolk executed

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51
Q

When were the Royal Injunctions?

A

1559

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52
Q

What was Elizabeth determined not to do in government?

A

Rule through a chief minister

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53
Q

What game was elizabeth privy to?

A

The game of courtship, as Francis Bacon noted

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54
Q

What protestant group refused to accept settlement?

A

Puritans

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55
Q

What did Elizabeth provide the Prince of Condé with?

A

Loan of 140,000 crowns and 3000 men to garrison Le Havre

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56
Q

When was Parry plot?

A

1585

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57
Q

What did the commons do to its own members in 1572 and 76?

A

Took action against its members for speeches going too far on MQOS and religion

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58
Q

Problems with Leicester’s troops in Netherlands

A

Badly paid, ill-disciplined.
Commanders quarreled often.
Leicester quarelled with Dutch

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59
Q

Why was inflation a problem?

A

Debasement of Henry 8 and Somerset

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60
Q

When was William Cecil made Burghley?

A

1571

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61
Q

What did Elizabeth do to Lady Catherine Grey’s marriage?

A

Annulled it

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62
Q

4 points of Statute of Artificers (not 7 year apprenticeship or agricultural wages)

A

Fixed some prices
Imposed maximum wages
Restricted workers’ freedom of movement
Regulated training

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63
Q

What did England do in 1595?

A

Three big attacks on Spain and its colonies

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64
Q

Who froze Essex out of court?

A

Robert Cecil and allies

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65
Q

How many parliaments did Elizabeth call in 44 years?

A

Thirteen

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66
Q

What did excommunication mean for Elizabeth?

A

Catholics were freed by the Pope from obeying Elizabeth

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67
Q

Why did Mary flee south?

A

Brief civil war with Protestants

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68
Q

Why did Crown officers struggle to control the 1601 parliament. 3 reasons

A

Impassioned monopoly debate
ROBERT cecil lacked skill as a manager
Robert cecil had considerably fewer resources

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69
Q

What leniency to Catholic altars did injunctions give?

A

No more destroying them

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70
Q

How did Catholics respond to armarda in 1588?

A

Generally keen to denounce it

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71
Q

What did every church have to buy following the 1559 injunctions?

A

An english bible and a copy of Erasmus’ paraphrases

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72
Q

What did Elizabeth not allow in parliament?

A

Debate or opposition to matters she deemed her royal prerogative.

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73
Q

When was Elizabeth excommunicated?

A

1570

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74
Q

How many troops were ready to set sail for Scotland in 1559?

A

9500

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75
Q

Why was Peter Wentworth sent to tower in 1576?

A

Appeal for freedom of speech

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76
Q

Who orchestrated parliament calls for Norfolk execution in 1572?

A

The council

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77
Q

When were 39 articles finally passed by parliament, and when were they first announced?

A

1563 announced
Confirmed in 1571
Changed 5 times before that

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78
Q

2 english + in 1588 against armarda

A

1 - using fireships to destroy ships at anchor
2 - Superior gunnery and manourvreability

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79
Q

When was Anjou suggested?

A

1579

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80
Q

When did Burghley’s effectiveness diminish?

A

1590s

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81
Q

What did Elizabeth do in response to excommunication?

A

Tightened treason law

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82
Q

What title did the Act of Supremacy give Elizabeth?

A

Supreme Governor not Supreme Head

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83
Q

Why was Elizabeth reluctant to execute Mary?

A

Anointed monarch

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84
Q

How old was Elizabeth when she came to throne?

A

25

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85
Q

2 reasons for 1562 intervention in France

A

1 - Aiding Huguenots in establishing Protestantism
2 - Exploiting divisions between Catholics and Huguenots to put pressure on crown…. hopefully ensuring return of Calais

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86
Q

Details of Throckmorton plot

A

Plan was foreign landing in Sussex
Overthrow and replacement with Mary

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87
Q

Who held real power in France following Henry 2’s death?

A

Francis Duke of Guise - Mary Guise (regent of scotland)’s brother

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88
Q

When did Francis 2 become king?

A

June 1559

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89
Q

1571 plot

A

Ridolfi

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90
Q

Effect of fiasco of England in Netherlands

A

Philip thought he could exploit divisions between English and Dutch

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91
Q

Who was Secretary of State in 1559?

A

William Cecil

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92
Q

What parliament first called for execution of MQOS and Norfolk?

A

1572

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93
Q

Who encouraged Ridolfi plot?

A

Spanish ambassador

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94
Q

What element of courtly life became more important as her reign progressed?

A

Ceremonial aspects

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95
Q

Amy Dudley Death

A

Found with broken neck. Ruled accidental but people thought Dudley killed her to marry Elizabeth. Opposite - made it impossible.

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96
Q

What did a prospective wife of a clergyman have have to do following 1559 injunctions?

A

Produce a certificate signed by 2 JPs to indicate fitness for the role

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97
Q

What was Catholic about organisation of the church?

A

Protestant churches in Europe placed focus on congregation organising itself. Retained hierarchy with 2 archbishops.

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98
Q

What parts of settlement ellicited opposition most?

A

Vestements
Act of Uniformity too protestant for some in House of Lords
Financial side

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99
Q

What did queen take criticism of Whitgifts encouragement as?

A

Criticism of her, barred the politician’s advancement

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100
Q

How did Dutch situation go sour in 1570s?

A

Provinces quarreled.
French prepared to invade.
Divisions led to two seperate entities.
Spanish made peace with Union of Arras.

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101
Q

What was to be removed from Churches?

A

Altars and ‘things superstitious’

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102
Q

What speech did Elizabeth give in 1601?

A

The Golden Speech

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103
Q

What was Francis Walsingham’s second job?

A

Chief spy master

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104
Q

Consequences of Treaty of Edinburgh

A

French and English troops withdrawn
MQofS recognised Elizabeth as Queen of England
Freedom of worship allowed
PEACE

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105
Q

Result of Statute of Artificers

A

Very difficult to enforce.
Even JPs struggled in their own communities.

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106
Q

In 1559 act of uniformity, how much was fine for not attending church once a week?

A

12 pence (a considerable sum)

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107
Q

When was James 6 born?

A

1566

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108
Q

What part of Statute of Artificers addressed masterless men?

A

Compulsory 7 year apprenticeship to follow a craft

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109
Q

Annexation of what country strengthened Spanish power

A

Portugal in 1580

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110
Q

What did the Treaty of Troyes mean?

A

England gave up rights to Calais

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111
Q

How many bills did Liz veto in 1585?

A

15

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112
Q

What did Elizabeth think of parliament?

A

Something she had to put up with

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113
Q

How much debt did Elizabeth inherit?

A

£237,000

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114
Q

How did Elizabeth promote divides?

A

Made councillors compete for rewards

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115
Q

1581 Religious Change

A

Heavy fines for hearing mass
£20 recusancy fine
New treason act - capital offence to convert or be converted

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116
Q

How was Babington plot foiled?

A

Exposed by Walsingham’s codebreaker

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117
Q

When were the Thirty-Articles?

A

1563

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118
Q

What did Puritan choir force Elizabeth to do in 1559?

A

Accept a more radical prayer book than she wanted

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119
Q

What parliament put a lot of pressure on Elizabeth to marry?

A

1563

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120
Q

When did the new prayer book fully come in?

A

1563

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121
Q

1595 success

A

Captured Cadiz and sank 4 galleons

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122
Q

What did Elizabeth tell parliament before it opened in 1571?

A

Not to meddle with matters of state

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123
Q

How much was debt increase per year?

A

£3000 - really damn low

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5
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124
Q

Who did like listening to Parliament?

A

The council - made clear the mood in localities and the ‘political nation’

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125
Q

Where was 1588 armarda travelling to and why?

A

To the netherlands so Spanish army and duke of palma would board for invasion

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126
Q

How was Lady Catherine Grey disgraced?

A

Secretly married. Elizabeth imprisoned her.

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127
Q

What did Elizabeth believe to an extent about division?

A

It was useful

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128
Q

Who was heir presumptive?

A

Lady Catherine Grey

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129
Q

What were Leicester and Cecil able to do most of the time?

A

Work together

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130
Q

What did many catholics + conservatives actually think?

A

Mary went too far.
Didn’t want return of papal authority.

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131
Q

When did Cecil and Leicester prompt MPs to pressurise Elizabeth?

A

1566

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132
Q

Alba’s response to spanish ship seizure

A

Seized property and ships of england in netherlands

133
Q

What did the English do to Spanish ships seized in 1568?

A

Confiscated money on board intended to pay for Philip 2’s army in Netherlands

134
Q

What two years was Peter Wentworth sent to the tower again for defying freedom of speech restrictions?

A

1587 and 1593

135
Q

What did Walsingham develop?

A

An extensive spy network

136
Q

One time Elizabeth genuinely wanted parliament’s advice

A

1556/7 - Whether Mary should be executed or not. They said yes.

137
Q

How did Elizabeth counter the Treaty of Joinville?

A

Alliance with Dutch protestant rebels in Treaty of Nonsuch and sent troops

138
Q

What did failure of reforming direct taxation system mean?

A

Subsidy declined in real terms

139
Q

What were all 3 of Elizabeth’s Lord Chamberlains?

A

Nobility and close relatives

140
Q

Why did Elizabeth lose the Calais provision in the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?

A

Intervention in France during the First War of Religion broke terms

141
Q

Initial response to settlement on whole?

A

Muted = good

142
Q

When did the pope ban Catholics from attending English services?

A

1562

143
Q

What did Sea Beggar expulsion cause?

A

A revolt in Netherlands against Spanish rule

144
Q

What was increasing poverty made worse by?

A

Inflation and bad harvests

145
Q

Why did England garrison is Le Havre fail?

A

They suffered plague.
Coincided with end of war of religion so French teamed up against English.

146
Q

When was the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis?

A

April 1559

147
Q

How many French troops were in Scotland in 1559?

A

1000

148
Q

In what 2 years did the commons take action against its members for speeches going too far on MQOS and religion?

A

1572 and 76

149
Q

When was Peter Wentworth committed to the Tower?

A

1576

150
Q

Why was privy chamber less influential than under Tudor kings?

A

Elizabeth a woman.
Gentlemen no longer had same rights of access.

151
Q

How many new MP seats did Elizabeth create?

A

62

152
Q

Why was Elizabeth open to carrying on war with France in 1559, and why did she not (2 reasons)?

A

+ To regain Calais
- Spain wanted it over
- Too expensive

153
Q

How did Essex bring shame upon himself?

A

Burst into queen’s bedchamber
Failed in Ireland

154
Q

How was 1601 queen-parliament wobble solved?

A

Comprimise reached. Queen then gave Golden Speech - emotionally moving.

155
Q

What weakened protestant opposition to settlement?

A

Divisions. They had split into Geneva, Frankfurt, and Venice camps. Had opposing views and struggled with leadership.

156
Q

How many MPs in the ‘Puritan Choir’?

A

40 ish

157
Q

How many of Elizabeth’s parliaments were asked to grant revenue?

A

11/13

158
Q

Who was William of Orange?

A

Leader of Dutch rebels

159
Q

1584 religious change

A

Death penalty for recieving jesuits

160
Q

What had been exposed about England’s military power in early years?

A

Not powerful enough to recover Calais

161
Q

Where did Elizabeth grant access to her?

A

The Presence Chamber

162
Q

What did Act of Uniformity demand everyone must do?

A

Go to church once a week or pay a 12 pence fine

163
Q

Example of where factionalism did influence policy

A

Foreign policy - serious splits over whether to support Dutch rebels. Peace camp won initially. In 1580s, pro war camp won.

164
Q

When was Act ofUniformity?

A

1559

165
Q

Why was Duke of Anjou not a serious proposition?

A

A catholic and she never met him

166
Q

Effect of Babington plot

A

Burghley secured Mary’s execution

167
Q

When was Le Havre captured and by who?

A

1563 - Combined French Protestant and Catholic forces

168
Q

What were sectaries?

A

Members of protestant sects who had rejected CofE and royal supremacy.

169
Q

What group led Protestant calls for further reform?

A

Exiled protestants (in Mary’s reign)

170
Q

The one occasion crown officers lost control of house of commons

A

1601 monopoly debate

171
Q

What did Liz do when she didn’t like bills?

A

Very prepared to intervene and prevent their passage

172
Q

What did Elizabeth refuse to allow in 1580s?

A

Burghley to retire

173
Q

Three main aims on accession

A

1 - consolidate position
2 - settle religious issues/division
3 - end war with france

174
Q

How many missionaries executed throughout reign?

A

100

175
Q

When did First War of Religion break out?

A

1562

176
Q

3 effects of Cadiz capture in 1595

A

Humiliation for Philip
Prevented sailing to west indies
Rash decision from Philip for 1596 armarda

177
Q

What two things did Philip 2 support?

A

Northern Rebellion of 1569
Ridolfi Plot of 1471

178
Q

1586 plot

A

Babington

179
Q

What does Christopher Haigh argue?

A

Turned politicians (cecil) into courtiers
Turned courtiers (Leicester) into politicians

180
Q

When was the Treaty of Joinville?

A

1584

181
Q

What shows limited impact of faction in early reign?

A

Decision not to marry was her own

182
Q

How did Cecil succeed with Scottish policy in 1560?

A

Interests of Scottish Protestants achieved
Mary’s influence reduced
Mary had to accept power of John Knox
Greatly reduced likelihood of Scottish attack

183
Q

What economic law came in in 1563?

A

Statute of Artificers

184
Q

Success of France and Scotland early interventions?

A

France = failure
Scotland = success

185
Q

Where was war fought?

A

Sea off Western Europe
Caribbean
On land in France, Netherlands, Ireland

186
Q

What treaty were the english forced to accept in 1564?

A

Treaty of Troyes

187
Q

When was book of martyrs?

A

1563

188
Q

What death did Elizabeth take personally?

A

Leicester (Dudley) in 1588

189
Q

How many articles in 1563?

A

39

190
Q

Way Catholics avoided penalties

A

Using local influence
E.g, the North

191
Q

Up until later 1580s, what can be said about Elizabethan ministers?

A

Generally served her well. Disputes over foreign policy (dispute not neccessarily a bad thing) and breakdown in relations due to Mary Queen of Scots

192
Q

Two dutch entities

A

Union of Arras
Union of Utrecht (more protestant)

193
Q

What treason act made it treason to call Liz a heretic or bring papal bulls into England?

A

1571 Treason Act

194
Q

What direction did council go in 1570s?

A

More protestant

195
Q

What jobs did William Cecil get in 1570?

A

High Treasurer and Chief Advisor. Completely trusted by Elizabeth

196
Q

What did England send to Scotland in December 1559?

A

A fleet to intercept the French expeditionary force

197
Q

What was Foxe’s book?

A

Book of Martyrs

198
Q

Who were not supported enough due to reduction of Church-sponsored welfare?

A

The deserving poor

199
Q

When did Elizabeth get smallpox?

A

1562

200
Q

How long would France retain Calais according to the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?

A

8 years

201
Q

When was the Act of Supremacy?

A

1559

202
Q

Who was sent to the tower in 1576?

A

Peter Wentworth

203
Q

Why did puritans reject religious settlement?

A

Didn’t believe in Via Media (middle of the road)

204
Q

Who was divided over consideration of Archduke Charles in 1567?

A

Cecil and Leicester

205
Q

What were MPs concerned about in towns in 1558?

A

Increasing numbers of vagabonds and masterless (unapprenticed) men. Increased crime and workers demanding higher pay.

206
Q

What did Treaty of Berwick offer?

A

Elizabeth’s protection to Scottish Protestants

207
Q

What treaty ended war with France in 1559?

A

The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis

208
Q

By what year had all Dutch provinces risen?

A

1576

209
Q

2 complaints Elizabeth had about the Treaty of Edinburgh?

A

1 - Hoped for return of Calais
2 - Scared to be seen to be helping rebels

210
Q

When did Dutch situation really deterioate?

A

After 1580

211
Q

What was Babington plot?

A

Mary complicit in plot to assassinate Elizabeth

212
Q

Who was the Treaty of Berwick between?

A

Scottish Protestants and England

213
Q

What was appointed to privy council in 1570s

A

A nucleus of protestants

214
Q

How much did England send to Scottish Protestants in 1559?

A

£5000

215
Q

What does John Guy suggest about legislative business?

A

Legislative business was properly directed

216
Q

Which two conservatives were kept away from council often due to their duties?

A

Sussex and Shrewsbury

217
Q

What did Elizabeth ban in 1585?

A

Religious debate in parliament

218
Q

3 effects of Throckmorton plot

A

1 - Creation of Bonds of Association
2 - Worsened Anglo-Spanish relations
3 - Tightened conditions of Mary’s captivity

219
Q

Who did operation of court come under?

A

Lord Chamberlain

220
Q

Excuse for Philip 2 to send Armada

A

Execution of Mary in 1587

221
Q

Who was Francis 2 married to?

A

Mary, Queen of Scots

222
Q

What did Elizabeth do from the Tower of London?

A

Presented herself to the people

223
Q

When did Parker become Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

1559

224
Q

What was demanded from clergy in Act of Supremacy?

A

Oath of supremacy

225
Q

What did Strickland propose in 1571?

A

Reform to prayer book

226
Q

Who was Elizabeth allied with at accession?

A

Spain

227
Q

How many usually attended Privy Council?

A

Ten - small number, narrow

228
Q

What attack failed on a Spanish colony?

A

Panama
Drake and Hawkins died.

229
Q

When did Francis 2 die?

A

December 1560

230
Q

How many Catholic priests sent to England from 1574 from English College?

A

450

231
Q

2 catholic practices suppressed by 1559 injunctions

A

Pilgrimages and use of candles

232
Q

Who carefully managed the Commons?

A

Cecil

233
Q

What was 1559 prayer book?

A

A version of the 1552 one. Allowed variations in Eucharastic belief. SETTLEMENT

234
Q

When was first armarda?

A

1588

235
Q

When was Treaty of Nonsuch?

A

1585

236
Q

What did councillors have considerable influence over the appointment of?

A

JPs, linchpins of local administration. Allowed them to gain influence.

237
Q

Who became Archbishop in 1559?

A

Matthew Parker - protestant but disliked extremism

238
Q

What was 1571 Treason Act?

A

Made it treason to call Liz a heretic or bring papal bulls into England

239
Q

What did the Ridolfi plot entail?

A

Conspiracy for Norfolk to marry Mary and overthrow Elizabeth

240
Q

When did relationship between queen and parliament deteriorate?

A

1593

241
Q

What did Leicester and Cecil most disagree on?

A

Marriage

242
Q

Main social policy acts in Liz reign?

A

1598 and 1601 Poor relief laws

243
Q

When did England attack Spanish ships at Cadiz?

A

1587

244
Q

How many exiled protestants became bishops?

A

15

245
Q

When did Amy Dudley die?

A

1560

246
Q

When did MQOS flee south?

A

1568

247
Q

How well does prayer book do?

A

Brilliantly. Compromise between 1549 and 1552, people accepted it.

248
Q

Who was the 1562 Huguenot leader?

A

Prince of Condé

249
Q

What was the Poor Law Act?

A

Extended that of 1555
Fines for those who didn’t contribute to poverty relief when requested to do so.

250
Q

When was the Treaty of Berwick?

A

1560

251
Q

2 reasons conservative aristocracy lost influence in 1570s

A

Winchester died.
Norfolk executed.

252
Q

Two main reasons Elizabeth called parliament

A

To grant taxation
To make statute laws

253
Q

What was Privy council primarily for?

A

Advice and administration

254
Q

How many catholic bishops accepted settlement?

A

One

255
Q

Who did Elizabeth expel from English ports?

A

Sea Beggars (Dutch pirates)

256
Q

Who was forced to leave Commons chamber in 1571?

A

William Strickland

257
Q

1593 action that showed how queen’s temper worsened with age

A

Wentworth and three colleagues imprisoned for arguing for a named successor

258
Q

What fortunately happened to the French expeditionary force in 1559?

A

Severely damaged in a storm before they could reach Scotland or be intercepted by English fleet

259
Q

Whose trading activity threatened Spanish monopoly in Caribbean?

A

John Hawkins

260
Q

How many clergy lost / resigned livings?

A

400, not too many

261
Q

What did Peter Wentworth and 3 colleagues argue for in 1593?

A

Elizabeth to formally name a successor

262
Q

Who did Elizabeth seriously consider marrying in 1567?

A

Catholic - Archduke Charles of Austria

263
Q

How did Elizabeth react to Privy Council prompting MPs to pressure her in 1566?

A

Banished Leicester and Pembroke from presence chamber. Publically rebuked Privy Council members. Summoned members of parliament to be shouted at.

264
Q

When did William of Orange die?

A

1584

265
Q

Which Lord Treasurer was inherited from Mary?

A

Marquis of Winchester

266
Q

What powers were revived by Act of Supremacy?

A

Royal Visitation

267
Q

When did Pole die?

A

1558

268
Q

What were the protestants in France called?

A

Huguenots

269
Q

Who led attack against armarda in 1588?

A

Drake

270
Q

What did Parry plot lead to?

A

Acceleration of bill to ensure Queen’s safety

271
Q

When did Robert Cecil become secretary of state?

A

1596

272
Q

When did persecution of catholic yeomen take place?

A

1570s and 80s

273
Q

Who led English troops in Netherlands?

A

Leicester

274
Q

Who was William Cecil’s son?

A

Robert Cecil

275
Q

What did Elizabeth make many Marian councillors do?

A

Personally assure her of their loyalty

276
Q

Why did Treaty of Joinville alarm Elizabeth?

A

Guise family led Catholic league.
With Guise as Philip 2’s ally, he had no motive not to support Mary

277
Q

What was William Cecil described as by the Spanish ambassador by the end of MARY’s reign?

A

The man who does everything.

278
Q

When was the Treaty of Troyes?

A

1564

279
Q

Effect of attack of Cadiz

A

Delayed launch by a year, time to prepare

280
Q

Who replaced Henry 2?

A

Francis 2

281
Q

Where did 1559 injunctions say Eucharist must be celebrated at?

A

Communion table, not an altar

282
Q

When did Elizabeth ban religious debate in parliament?

A

1585

283
Q

Were instructions for church clothing protestant or catholic?

A

Catholic

284
Q

When was first succession crisis?

A

1562/63

285
Q

What % of english exports were cloth?

A

78%

286
Q

By what year did traditional methods of parliamentary control begin to stop working?

A

1593

287
Q

What religious legislation was reinstated by Act of Supremacy?

A

Henry 8’s

288
Q

Who was in the pro-war camp?

A

Leicester, Walsingham

289
Q

When did the English seize Spanish vessels?

A

1568

290
Q

What was repealed by the Act of Supremacy?

A

Papal supremacy and Marian heresy laws

291
Q

What would happen in regard to Calais according to Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?

A

France retains for 8 years
After 8 years France would either return it or pay 500,000 crowns (£125,000)

292
Q

Who was named Lord Protector if she died in 1562?

A

Robert Dudley

293
Q

Issues with replacements of dead councillors

A

She took a long time and then tended to appoint inexperienced sons of former councillors

294
Q

By the time of recoinage what silver content did the coins have?

A

25% of face value

295
Q

What did Cecil and Dudley believe about the religious settlement?

A

It was the first step. Eventually there would be a puritan church following calvinist ideas.

296
Q

When did Henry 2 die?

A

June 1559

297
Q

2 examples of protestants appointed in 1570s

A

Walsingham and Warwick

298
Q

Who drew up the 39 articles?

A

Church convocation under supervision of Matthew Parker

299
Q

2 places where gentry protected catholics

A

Sussex and Lancashire

300
Q

Who took initiative in removing Strickland?

A

Council

301
Q

How can doctrine/structure split be summarised?

A

Church becoming Calvinist in doctrine but only half reformed in structures.

302
Q

Conservative beliefs of Elizabeth

A

Disapproved of clergy marriage
Liked musical elements
Distrusted preaching

303
Q

3 ways Elizabeth adopted a more anti-spanish position at the end of 1570s

A

1 - Treated ambassador with contempt
2 - Knighting Francis Drake (who had irritated the Spanish hugely in his circumnavigation)
3 - Supporting Portugese pretender Don Antonio

304
Q

Impact of Poor Law Act?

A

Very limited

305
Q

What would fines from church non-attendance be used for?

A

Poor relief

306
Q

2 interpretations of sending Davison to tower

A

United group of councillors had forced her to change policy, Davison premptively acted.
Wanted to appear like she had been tricked to foreign powers (more likely).

307
Q

When did Elizabeth become queen?

A

November 1558

308
Q

Example of Catholic indifference

A

Unreceptive to Jesuit missionaries sent in 1580

309
Q

When was Francis Walsingham’s time as Principal Secretary?

A

1573-90

310
Q

When was Mary Queen of Scots executed?

A

1587

311
Q

When was the Treaty of Edinburgh? ELIZABETH ONE

A

July 1560

312
Q

What was Philip 2’s marriage offer most likely?

A

Politeness

313
Q

Change in Privy council number of meetings

A

Start- 2 or 3 times a week
End - Six or seven

314
Q

What religious thing was announced in 1563?

A

39 Articles

315
Q

How many bills did Elizabeth veto?

A

Over 60, less than Henry 8

316
Q

Who is Regent for Charles 9?

A

Catherine De Medici

317
Q

What was Elizabeth’s plan to halt inflation?

A

Re-coinage. Replacing debased coins with soundly minted ones.

318
Q

What was the Parry plot?

A

Plot to assassinate queen

319
Q

Localised opposition to settlement

A

Some bishops didn’t follow prayer book

320
Q

Short-term results of recoinage

A

Limited because households hoarded good coinage and paid debts with old debased.

321
Q

Who was in the pro-peace camp?

A

Cecil, Sussex

322
Q

Who convinced Elizabeth to intervene in France in 1562?

A

Robert Dudley

323
Q

What did Cecil persuade Queen and Privy council to do in 1559 in Scotland?

A

Send £5000 in financial aid

324
Q

Why did Queen-parliament relationship breakdown in 1601?

A

Debate over monopolies

325
Q

Argument that 1570s wasn’t just a promotion of protestants?

A

Balance maybe provided by promotion of conservative Hatton and Croft

326
Q

What did the puritans do in 1563?

A

Attempted to force further changes.
Reduction of holy days, simplification of vestements.

327
Q

4 elements of 39 articles

A

1 - Denied transubstantiation
2 - Affirmed scripture final authority
3 - Bread and wine served to all
4 - Ministers could marry

328
Q

When was sea beggar expulsion?

A

1572

329
Q

1583 plot

A

Throckmorton

History (9 decks)

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