Liz Flashcards
1
Q
How many Acts passed by Elizabeth government?
A
438 - quite a lot
2
Q
When was the Statute of Artificers?
A
1563
3
Q
Did Elizabeth debase?
A
Never
4
Q
2 families that balanced each other in court
A
Relatives of Boleyns and Parrs
5
Q
When was recoinage?
A
1561
6
Q
What did Elizabeth believe about marriage and succession?
A
Fell within royal royal prerogative and wasn’t up for discussion in Parliament or even Privy Council.
7
Q
What was there an absence of on the Privy Council from the late 1580s?
A
Noblemen
8
Q
When was Babington Plot?
A
1586
9
Q
Who ordered Peter Wentworth to the tower in 1576?
A
Order of the House
Not Elizabeth
10
Q
How much did debt rise 1558-1603?
A
£123,000
11
Q
What was there a lack of from the Catholics?
A
Leadership to oppose settlement
12
Q
The passage of religious doctrine up until 1563/71 thirty nine articles.
A
1536 - Ten Articles (more protestant)
1537 - Bishop’s Book (restored 4 sacraments)
1539 - Six Articles (more catholic)
1543 - King’s Articles (much more catholic)
1547 - Treason Act revoked 6 articles
1549 - Book of Common Prayer
1552 - Book of Common Prayer
1553 - 42 articles (never passed)
1553 - Act of Repeal (back to Kings)
1555 - Second Act of Repeal (1929)
1563 - 39 articles
13
Q
Who succeeded Francis 2?
A
Charles 9
14
Q
When was the Ridolfi plot?
A
1571
15
Q
What were protests like Wentworth’s?
A
Very infrequent. Most MPs accepted Elizabeth’s restrictions.
16
Q
How was Throckmorton plot foiled?
A
Efficiency of Walsingham’s network
17
Q
What struggled the first time it was introduced in parliament?
A
Act of Supremacy. New one was introduced.
18
Q
Main problem with MQofS as successor?
A
Ardent catholic
19
Q
How did Elizabeth check Essex’s power?
A
Made sure Robert Cecil and allies dominated patronage. Completely lost it following bedchamber fiasco.
20
Q
What monopoly did Elizabeth refuse to renew for Essex?
A
Sweet wines
21
Q
How much did Elizabeth give Anjou?
A
£10,000
22
Q
What was Norfolk like in early reign?
A
Impetuous and conservative
23
Q
Why should Privy Council importance as decision making body not be overestimated?
A
Liz often consulted with ministers on individual basis
24
Q
2 possible reasons for expansion of house of commons
A
1 - Filling it with 62 additional supporters
2 - Patronage system. Aristocrats pushed for them to reward local gentry
25
What did the Act of Uniformity 1559 introduce?
A new prayer book
26
When was the Poor Law Act?
1563
27
What happened when Francis 2 died to Mary?
Had to return to Scotland and accept power of protestants
28
Who criticised Whitgift's encoragement of Act punishing sectaries?
One of Burley's associates
29
1585 plot
Parry
30
What changed in administration as reign progressed?
Councillors involved themselves more in local administration and built networks of influence.
31
Number of members in Elizabeth council vs Mary
10 vs 50
32
What did Elizabeth fear if she married an englishman?
Loss of power and a 'favourite' gaining undue factional influence
33
1584 Catholic League/France and Spanish Treaty
Treaty of Joinville
34
What did England follow the Treaty of Berwick up with?
8000 troops entered Scotland and marched upon Leith
35
What were divisions between Cecil and Leicester?
Occasional and focused on specific policy issues.
36
What happened to 1596 armarda?
Defeated by storms... protestant wind again
37
When did Robert Dudley join Privy Council?
1562
38
What did Cecil fear from Catholics in 1559?
A crusade led by France
39
What were local magistrates made responsible for in Statute of Artificers?
Agricultural wages
40
Who was Warwick?
Brother of Leicester - Dudley
41
Who wrote Book of Martyrs?
Foxe
42
Who did Elizabeth send to the tower for sending warrant for Mary execution?
Secretary William Davison
43
When was Throckmorton plot?
1583
44
What did 1564 survey of JPs say?
Only half could be relied on to definitely enforce settlement
45
When did she 'woo' the Duke of Anjou?
1578/79
46
What is the more likely reason for 1562 intervention in France?
Pressure on French Crown to ensure return of Calais
47
Who was horrified by potential Dudley marriage?
William Cecil, his own influence would be seriously eroded
48
3 years in which parliament increased anti-catholic laws
1571, 1581, and 1585
49
What force had Cecil created in 1560?
Pro-english, pro-protestant. Would lead to James 6 Scotland / James 1 England
50
Outcome of Ridolfi plot
Duke of Norfolk executed
51
When were the Royal Injunctions?
1559
52
What was Elizabeth determined not to do in government?
Rule through a chief minister
53
What game was elizabeth privy to?
The game of courtship, as Francis Bacon noted
54
What protestant group refused to accept settlement?
Puritans
55
What did Elizabeth provide the Prince of Condé with?
Loan of 140,000 crowns and 3000 men to garrison Le Havre
56
When was Parry plot?
1585
57
What did the commons do to its own members in 1572 and 76?
Took action against its members for speeches going too far on MQOS and religion
58
Problems with Leicester's troops in Netherlands
Badly paid, ill-disciplined.
Commanders quarreled often.
Leicester quarelled with Dutch
59
Why was inflation a problem?
Debasement of Henry 8 and Somerset
60
When was William Cecil made Burghley?
1571
61
What did Elizabeth do to Lady Catherine Grey's marriage?
Annulled it
62
4 points of Statute of Artificers (not 7 year apprenticeship or agricultural wages)
Fixed some prices
Imposed maximum wages
Restricted workers' freedom of movement
Regulated training
63
What did England do in 1595?
Three big attacks on Spain and its colonies
64
Who froze Essex out of court?
Robert Cecil and allies
65
How many parliaments did Elizabeth call in 44 years?
Thirteen
66
What did excommunication mean for Elizabeth?
Catholics were freed by the Pope from obeying Elizabeth
67
Why did Mary flee south?
Brief civil war with Protestants
68
Why did Crown officers struggle to control the 1601 parliament. 3 reasons
Impassioned monopoly debate
ROBERT cecil lacked skill as a manager
Robert cecil had considerably fewer resources
69
What leniency to Catholic altars did injunctions give?
No more destroying them
70
How did Catholics respond to armarda in 1588?
Generally keen to denounce it
71
What did every church have to buy following the 1559 injunctions?
An english bible and a copy of Erasmus' paraphrases
72
What did Elizabeth not allow in parliament?
Debate or opposition to matters she deemed her royal prerogative.
73
When was Elizabeth excommunicated?
1570
74
How many troops were ready to set sail for Scotland in 1559?
9500
75
Why was Peter Wentworth sent to tower in 1576?
Appeal for freedom of speech
76
Who orchestrated parliament calls for Norfolk execution in 1572?
The council
77
When were 39 articles finally passed by parliament, and when were they first announced?
1563 announced
Confirmed in 1571
Changed 5 times before that
78
2 english + in 1588 against armarda
1 - using fireships to destroy ships at anchor
2 - Superior gunnery and manourvreability
79
When was Anjou suggested?
1579
80
When did Burghley's effectiveness diminish?
1590s
81
What did Elizabeth do in response to excommunication?
Tightened treason law
82
What title did the Act of Supremacy give Elizabeth?
Supreme Governor not Supreme Head
83
Why was Elizabeth reluctant to execute Mary?
Anointed monarch
84
How old was Elizabeth when she came to throne?
25
85
2 reasons for 1562 intervention in France
1 - Aiding Huguenots in establishing Protestantism
2 - Exploiting divisions between Catholics and Huguenots to put pressure on crown.... hopefully ensuring return of Calais
86
Details of Throckmorton plot
Plan was foreign landing in Sussex
Overthrow and replacement with Mary
87
Who held real power in France following Henry 2's death?
Francis Duke of Guise - Mary Guise (regent of scotland)'s brother
88
When did Francis 2 become king?
June 1559
89
1571 plot
Ridolfi
90
Effect of fiasco of England in Netherlands
Philip thought he could exploit divisions between English and Dutch
91
Who was Secretary of State in 1559?
William Cecil
92
What parliament first called for execution of MQOS and Norfolk?
1572
93
Who encouraged Ridolfi plot?
Spanish ambassador
94
What element of courtly life became more important as her reign progressed?
Ceremonial aspects
95
Amy Dudley Death
Found with broken neck. Ruled accidental but people thought Dudley killed her to marry Elizabeth. Opposite - made it impossible.
96
What did a prospective wife of a clergyman have have to do following 1559 injunctions?
Produce a certificate signed by 2 JPs to indicate fitness for the role
97
What was Catholic about organisation of the church?
Protestant churches in Europe placed focus on congregation organising itself. Retained hierarchy with 2 archbishops.
98
What parts of settlement ellicited opposition most?
Vestements
Act of Uniformity too protestant for some in House of Lords
Financial side
99
What did queen take criticism of Whitgifts encouragement as?
Criticism of her, barred the politician's advancement
100
How did Dutch situation go sour in 1570s?
Provinces quarreled.
French prepared to invade.
Divisions led to two seperate entities.
Spanish made peace with Union of Arras.
101
What was to be removed from Churches?
Altars and 'things superstitious'
102
What speech did Elizabeth give in 1601?
The Golden Speech
103
What was Francis Walsingham's second job?
Chief spy master
104
Consequences of Treaty of Edinburgh
French and English troops withdrawn
MQofS recognised Elizabeth as Queen of England
Freedom of worship allowed
PEACE
105
Result of Statute of Artificers
Very difficult to enforce.
Even JPs struggled in their own communities.
106
In 1559 act of uniformity, how much was fine for not attending church once a week?
12 pence (a considerable sum)
107
When was James 6 born?
1566
108
What part of Statute of Artificers addressed masterless men?
Compulsory 7 year apprenticeship to follow a craft
109
Annexation of what country strengthened Spanish power
Portugal in 1580
110
What did the Treaty of Troyes mean?
England gave up rights to Calais
111
How many bills did Liz veto in 1585?
15
112
What did Elizabeth think of parliament?
Something she had to put up with
113
How much debt did Elizabeth inherit?
£237,000
114
How did Elizabeth promote divides?
Made councillors compete for rewards
115
1581 Religious Change
Heavy fines for hearing mass
£20 recusancy fine
New treason act - capital offence to convert or be converted
116
How was Babington plot foiled?
Exposed by Walsingham's codebreaker
117
When were the Thirty-Articles?
1563
118
What did Puritan choir force Elizabeth to do in 1559?
Accept a more radical prayer book than she wanted
119
What parliament put a lot of pressure on Elizabeth to marry?
1563
120
When did the new prayer book fully come in?
1563
121
1595 success
Captured Cadiz and sank 4 galleons
122
What did Elizabeth tell parliament before it opened in 1571?
Not to meddle with matters of state
123
How much was debt increase per year?
£3000 - really damn low
124
Who did like listening to Parliament?
The council - made clear the mood in localities and the 'political nation'
125
Where was 1588 armarda travelling to and why?
To the netherlands so Spanish army and duke of palma would board for invasion
126
How was Lady Catherine Grey disgraced?
Secretly married. Elizabeth imprisoned her.
127
What did Elizabeth believe to an extent about division?
It was useful
128
Who was heir presumptive?
Lady Catherine Grey
129
What were Leicester and Cecil able to do most of the time?
Work together
130
What did many catholics + conservatives actually think?
Mary went too far.
Didn't want return of papal authority.
131
When did Cecil and Leicester prompt MPs to pressurise Elizabeth?
1566
132
Alba's response to spanish ship seizure
Seized property and ships of england in netherlands
133
What did the English do to Spanish ships seized in 1568?
Confiscated money on board intended to pay for Philip 2's army in Netherlands
134
What two years was Peter Wentworth sent to the tower again for defying freedom of speech restrictions?
1587 and 1593
135
What did Walsingham develop?
An extensive spy network
136
One time Elizabeth genuinely wanted parliament's advice
1556/7 - Whether Mary should be executed or not. They said yes.
137
How did Elizabeth counter the Treaty of Joinville?
Alliance with Dutch protestant rebels in Treaty of Nonsuch and sent troops
138
What did failure of reforming direct taxation system mean?
Subsidy declined in real terms
139
What were all 3 of Elizabeth's Lord Chamberlains?
Nobility and close relatives
140
Why did Elizabeth lose the Calais provision in the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?
Intervention in France during the First War of Religion broke terms
141
Initial response to settlement on whole?
Muted = good
142
When did the pope ban Catholics from attending English services?
1562
143
What did Sea Beggar expulsion cause?
A revolt in Netherlands against Spanish rule
144
What was increasing poverty made worse by?
Inflation and bad harvests
145
Why did England garrison is Le Havre fail?
They suffered plague.
Coincided with end of war of religion so French teamed up against English.
146
When was the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis?
April 1559
147
How many French troops were in Scotland in 1559?
1000
148
In what 2 years did the commons take action against its members for speeches going too far on MQOS and religion?
1572 and 76
149
When was Peter Wentworth committed to the Tower?
1576
150
Why was privy chamber less influential than under Tudor kings?
Elizabeth a woman.
Gentlemen no longer had same rights of access.
151
How many new MP seats did Elizabeth create?
62
152
Why was Elizabeth open to carrying on war with France in 1559, and why did she not (2 reasons)?
+ To regain Calais
- Spain wanted it over
- Too expensive
153
How did Essex bring shame upon himself?
Burst into queen's bedchamber
Failed in Ireland
154
How was 1601 queen-parliament wobble solved?
Comprimise reached. Queen then gave Golden Speech - emotionally moving.
155
What weakened protestant opposition to settlement?
Divisions. They had split into Geneva, Frankfurt, and Venice camps. Had opposing views and struggled with leadership.
156
How many MPs in the 'Puritan Choir'?
40 ish
157
How many of Elizabeth's parliaments were asked to grant revenue?
11/13
158
Who was William of Orange?
Leader of Dutch rebels
159
1584 religious change
Death penalty for recieving jesuits
160
What had been exposed about England's military power in early years?
Not powerful enough to recover Calais
161
Where did Elizabeth grant access to her?
The Presence Chamber
162
What did Act of Uniformity demand everyone must do?
Go to church once a week or pay a 12 pence fine
163
Example of where factionalism did influence policy
Foreign policy - serious splits over whether to support Dutch rebels. Peace camp won initially. In 1580s, pro war camp won.
164
When was Act ofUniformity?
1559
165
Why was Duke of Anjou not a serious proposition?
A catholic and she never met him
166
Effect of Babington plot
Burghley secured Mary's execution
167
When was Le Havre captured and by who?
1563 - Combined French Protestant and Catholic forces
168
What were sectaries?
Members of protestant sects who had rejected CofE and royal supremacy.
169
What group led Protestant calls for further reform?
Exiled protestants (in Mary's reign)
170
The one occasion crown officers lost control of house of commons
1601 monopoly debate
171
What did Liz do when she didn't like bills?
Very prepared to intervene and prevent their passage
172
What did Elizabeth refuse to allow in 1580s?
Burghley to retire
173
Three main aims on accession
1 - consolidate position
2 - settle religious issues/division
3 - end war with france
174
How many missionaries executed throughout reign?
100
175
When did First War of Religion break out?
1562
176
3 effects of Cadiz capture in 1595
Humiliation for Philip
Prevented sailing to west indies
Rash decision from Philip for 1596 armarda
177
What two things did Philip 2 support?
Northern Rebellion of 1569
Ridolfi Plot of 1471
178
1586 plot
Babington
179
What does Christopher Haigh argue?
Turned politicians (cecil) into courtiers
Turned courtiers (Leicester) into politicians
180
When was the Treaty of Joinville?
1584
181
What shows limited impact of faction in early reign?
Decision not to marry was her own
182
How did Cecil succeed with Scottish policy in 1560?
Interests of Scottish Protestants achieved
Mary's influence reduced
Mary had to accept power of John Knox
Greatly reduced likelihood of Scottish attack
183
What economic law came in in 1563?
Statute of Artificers
184
Success of France and Scotland early interventions?
France = failure
Scotland = success
185
Where was war fought?
Sea off Western Europe
Caribbean
On land in France, Netherlands, Ireland
186
What treaty were the english forced to accept in 1564?
Treaty of Troyes
187
When was book of martyrs?
1563
188
What death did Elizabeth take personally?
Leicester (Dudley) in 1588
189
How many articles in 1563?
39
190
Way Catholics avoided penalties
Using local influence
E.g, the North
191
Up until later 1580s, what can be said about Elizabethan ministers?
Generally served her well. Disputes over foreign policy (dispute not neccessarily a bad thing) and breakdown in relations due to Mary Queen of Scots
192
Two dutch entities
Union of Arras
Union of Utrecht (more protestant)
193
What treason act made it treason to call Liz a heretic or bring papal bulls into England?
1571 Treason Act
194
What direction did council go in 1570s?
More protestant
195
What jobs did William Cecil get in 1570?
High Treasurer and Chief Advisor. Completely trusted by Elizabeth
196
What did England send to Scotland in December 1559?
A fleet to intercept the French expeditionary force
197
What was Foxe's book?
Book of Martyrs
198
Who were not supported enough due to reduction of Church-sponsored welfare?
The deserving poor
199
When did Elizabeth get smallpox?
1562
200
How long would France retain Calais according to the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?
8 years
201
When was the Act of Supremacy?
1559
202
Who was sent to the tower in 1576?
Peter Wentworth
203
Why did puritans reject religious settlement?
Didn't believe in Via Media (middle of the road)
204
Who was divided over consideration of Archduke Charles in 1567?
Cecil and Leicester
205
What were MPs concerned about in towns in 1558?
Increasing numbers of vagabonds and masterless (unapprenticed) men. Increased crime and workers demanding higher pay.
206
What did Treaty of Berwick offer?
Elizabeth's protection to Scottish Protestants
207
What treaty ended war with France in 1559?
The Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
208
By what year had all Dutch provinces risen?
1576
209
2 complaints Elizabeth had about the Treaty of Edinburgh?
1 - Hoped for return of Calais
2 - Scared to be seen to be helping rebels
210
When did Dutch situation really deterioate?
After 1580
211
What was Babington plot?
Mary complicit in plot to assassinate Elizabeth
212
Who was the Treaty of Berwick between?
Scottish Protestants and England
213
What was appointed to privy council in 1570s
A nucleus of protestants
214
How much did England send to Scottish Protestants in 1559?
£5000
215
What does John Guy suggest about legislative business?
Legislative business was properly directed
216
Which two conservatives were kept away from council often due to their duties?
Sussex and Shrewsbury
217
What did Elizabeth ban in 1585?
Religious debate in parliament
218
3 effects of Throckmorton plot
1 - Creation of Bonds of Association
2 - Worsened Anglo-Spanish relations
3 - Tightened conditions of Mary's captivity
219
Who did operation of court come under?
Lord Chamberlain
220
Excuse for Philip 2 to send Armada
Execution of Mary in 1587
221
Who was Francis 2 married to?
Mary, Queen of Scots
222
What did Elizabeth do from the Tower of London?
Presented herself to the people
223
When did Parker become Archbishop of Canterbury?
1559
224
What was demanded from clergy in Act of Supremacy?
Oath of supremacy
225
What did Strickland propose in 1571?
Reform to prayer book
226
Who was Elizabeth allied with at accession?
Spain
227
How many usually attended Privy Council?
Ten - small number, narrow
228
What attack failed on a Spanish colony?
Panama
Drake and Hawkins died.
229
When did Francis 2 die?
December 1560
230
How many Catholic priests sent to England from 1574 from English College?
450
231
2 catholic practices suppressed by 1559 injunctions
Pilgrimages and use of candles
232
Who carefully managed the Commons?
Cecil
233
What was 1559 prayer book?
A version of the 1552 one. Allowed variations in Eucharastic belief. SETTLEMENT
234
When was first armarda?
1588
235
When was Treaty of Nonsuch?
1585
236
What did councillors have considerable influence over the appointment of?
JPs, linchpins of local administration. Allowed them to gain influence.
237
Who became Archbishop in 1559?
Matthew Parker - protestant but disliked extremism
238
What was 1571 Treason Act?
Made it treason to call Liz a heretic or bring papal bulls into England
239
What did the Ridolfi plot entail?
Conspiracy for Norfolk to marry Mary and overthrow Elizabeth
240
When did relationship between queen and parliament deteriorate?
1593
241
What did Leicester and Cecil most disagree on?
Marriage
242
Main social policy acts in Liz reign?
1598 and 1601 Poor relief laws
243
When did England attack Spanish ships at Cadiz?
1587
244
How many exiled protestants became bishops?
15
245
When did Amy Dudley die?
1560
246
When did MQOS flee south?
1568
247
How well does prayer book do?
Brilliantly. Compromise between 1549 and 1552, people accepted it.
248
Who was the 1562 Huguenot leader?
Prince of Condé
249
What was the Poor Law Act?
Extended that of 1555
Fines for those who didn't contribute to poverty relief when requested to do so.
250
When was the Treaty of Berwick?
1560
251
2 reasons conservative aristocracy lost influence in 1570s
Winchester died.
Norfolk executed.
252
Two main reasons Elizabeth called parliament
To grant taxation
To make statute laws
253
What was Privy council primarily for?
Advice and administration
254
How many catholic bishops accepted settlement?
One
255
Who did Elizabeth expel from English ports?
Sea Beggars (Dutch pirates)
256
Who was forced to leave Commons chamber in 1571?
William Strickland
257
1593 action that showed how queen's temper worsened with age
Wentworth and three colleagues imprisoned for arguing for a named successor
258
What fortunately happened to the French expeditionary force in 1559?
Severely damaged in a storm before they could reach Scotland or be intercepted by English fleet
259
Whose trading activity threatened Spanish monopoly in Caribbean?
John Hawkins
260
How many clergy lost / resigned livings?
400, not too many
261
What did Peter Wentworth and 3 colleagues argue for in 1593?
Elizabeth to formally name a successor
262
Who did Elizabeth seriously consider marrying in 1567?
Catholic - Archduke Charles of Austria
263
How did Elizabeth react to Privy Council prompting MPs to pressure her in 1566?
Banished Leicester and Pembroke from presence chamber. Publically rebuked Privy Council members. Summoned members of parliament to be shouted at.
264
When did William of Orange die?
1584
265
Which Lord Treasurer was inherited from Mary?
Marquis of Winchester
266
What powers were revived by Act of Supremacy?
Royal Visitation
267
When did Pole die?
1558
268
What were the protestants in France called?
Huguenots
269
Who led attack against armarda in 1588?
Drake
270
What did Parry plot lead to?
Acceleration of bill to ensure Queen's safety
271
When did Robert Cecil become secretary of state?
1596
272
When did persecution of catholic yeomen take place?
1570s and 80s
273
Who led English troops in Netherlands?
Leicester
274
Who was William Cecil's son?
Robert Cecil
275
What did Elizabeth make many Marian councillors do?
Personally assure her of their loyalty
276
Why did Treaty of Joinville alarm Elizabeth?
Guise family led Catholic league.
With Guise as Philip 2's ally, he had no motive not to support Mary
277
What was William Cecil described as by the Spanish ambassador by the end of MARY's reign?
The man who does everything.
278
When was the Treaty of Troyes?
1564
279
Effect of attack of Cadiz
Delayed launch by a year, time to prepare
280
Who replaced Henry 2?
Francis 2
281
Where did 1559 injunctions say Eucharist must be celebrated at?
Communion table, not an altar
282
When did Elizabeth ban religious debate in parliament?
1585
283
Were instructions for church clothing protestant or catholic?
Catholic
284
When was first succession crisis?
1562/63
285
What % of english exports were cloth?
78%
286
By what year did traditional methods of parliamentary control begin to stop working?
1593
287
What religious legislation was reinstated by Act of Supremacy?
Henry 8's
288
Who was in the pro-war camp?
Leicester, Walsingham
289
When did the English seize Spanish vessels?
1568
290
What was repealed by the Act of Supremacy?
Papal supremacy and Marian heresy laws
291
What would happen in regard to Calais according to Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?
France retains for 8 years
After 8 years France would either return it or pay 500,000 crowns (£125,000)
292
Who was named Lord Protector if she died in 1562?
Robert Dudley
293
Issues with replacements of dead councillors
She took a long time and then tended to appoint inexperienced sons of former councillors
294
By the time of recoinage what silver content did the coins have?
25% of face value
295
What did Cecil and Dudley believe about the religious settlement?
It was the first step. Eventually there would be a puritan church following calvinist ideas.
296
When did Henry 2 die?
June 1559
297
2 examples of protestants appointed in 1570s
Walsingham and Warwick
298
Who drew up the 39 articles?
Church convocation under supervision of Matthew Parker
299
2 places where gentry protected catholics
Sussex and Lancashire
300
Who took initiative in removing Strickland?
Council
301
How can doctrine/structure split be summarised?
Church becoming Calvinist in doctrine but only half reformed in structures.
302
Conservative beliefs of Elizabeth
Disapproved of clergy marriage
Liked musical elements
Distrusted preaching
303
3 ways Elizabeth adopted a more anti-spanish position at the end of 1570s
1 - Treated ambassador with contempt
2 - Knighting Francis Drake (who had irritated the Spanish hugely in his circumnavigation)
3 - Supporting Portugese pretender Don Antonio
304
Impact of Poor Law Act?
Very limited
305
What would fines from church non-attendance be used for?
Poor relief
306
2 interpretations of sending Davison to tower
United group of councillors had forced her to change policy, Davison premptively acted.
Wanted to appear like she had been tricked to foreign powers (more likely).
307
When did Elizabeth become queen?
November 1558
308
Example of Catholic indifference
Unreceptive to Jesuit missionaries sent in 1580
309
When was Francis Walsingham's time as Principal Secretary?
1573-90
310
When was Mary Queen of Scots executed?
1587
311
When was the Treaty of Edinburgh? ELIZABETH ONE
July 1560
312
What was Philip 2's marriage offer most likely?
Politeness
313
Change in Privy council number of meetings
Start- 2 or 3 times a week
End - Six or seven
314
What religious thing was announced in 1563?
39 Articles
315
How many bills did Elizabeth veto?
Over 60, less than Henry 8
316
Who is Regent for Charles 9?
Catherine De Medici
317
What was Elizabeth's plan to halt inflation?
Re-coinage. Replacing debased coins with soundly minted ones.
318
What was the Parry plot?
Plot to assassinate queen
319
Localised opposition to settlement
Some bishops didn't follow prayer book
320
Short-term results of recoinage
Limited because households hoarded good coinage and paid debts with old debased.
321
Who was in the pro-peace camp?
Cecil, Sussex
322
Who convinced Elizabeth to intervene in France in 1562?
Robert Dudley
323
What did Cecil persuade Queen and Privy council to do in 1559 in Scotland?
Send £5000 in financial aid
324
Why did Queen-parliament relationship breakdown in 1601?
Debate over monopolies
325
Argument that 1570s wasn't just a promotion of protestants?
Balance maybe provided by promotion of conservative Hatton and Croft
326
What did the puritans do in 1563?
Attempted to force further changes.
Reduction of holy days, simplification of vestements.
327
4 elements of 39 articles
1 - Denied transubstantiation
2 - Affirmed scripture final authority
3 - Bread and wine served to all
4 - Ministers could marry
328
When was sea beggar expulsion?
1572
329
1583 plot
Throckmorton
