Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

World History > March Exam > Flashcards

March Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Climate Change in human evolution

A

Made Megafauna extinct, land went underwater during climate change, human’s adapted to climate change. They also had to change in the span of one generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bipedalism

A

Standing on two legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Australopithecus

A

An early human relative and the first bipedal organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Homo Habilis

A

“Handy Human”
Used objects such as tool to consume meat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Homo erectus

A

The first early human to stand up possibly because of the savannah thesis as well as the first human to leave Africa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neanderthals

A

Similar to homo sapiens
took care of young
had burials
Made art

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Paleolithic Era

A

Foraging life way
More gender equality as everyone worked together to survive and rise the children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Collective learning

A

The idea of passing on information and innovations so the next generation can improve upon them.
By using communication and networks people can innovate on ideas together and more people leads to a larger network with more ideas being passed around.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Symbolic Language

A

complex language that allowed for more accurate descriptions, helped collective learning. Allowed for talking about non concrete ideas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Systematic agriculture

A

The shift from hunting to domestication of animals growing of planted food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Role of Climate Change in agriculture

A

The warmer, more stable climate allowed for agriculture to be used as a primary source of getting food year after year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

extensification vs intensification

A

extensification is using different areas to get resources while intensification is working a specific area for resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

trap of sedentism

A

though the amount of food in an area is running out, the skills to forage are lost, and they need a way to get resources from the land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

energy capture

A

like fire and stuff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Egalitarian

A

All people are equal and deserve equal rights.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Human migration across the globe

A

The humans migrated out of africa to Europe and Asia then over the Beirring Strait to the Americas, following the kelp highway to south america.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Foragers/ Hunter Gathers

A

People that go around in small groups to find food such as berries and other plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nomadic

A

People that do not settle in one place but move around to different areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Animism

A

The idea that all things, even tree and rocks have a spirt inside of them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Affluent foragers

A

Foragers that had a lot of food in a small area, meaning they did not have to travel very far, meaning they were able to settle down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Domestication

A

Taming animals so they can be used in agriculture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

the fertile land between tigris and Euphrates. Present day Iraq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

River Valley

A

A fertile area in the valley that a river creates which is very good for use in agriculture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Characteristics of a Civilization/Complex Society

A
  1. Material Wealth
  2. A military
  3. Government
  4. Economy
  5. Faith/Religion
  6. Social Structure/social Hierarchy
  7. Development of organized cities
  8. Art and intellectual abilities
  9. Writing/Shared Language
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Irrigation

A

Controlling the supply of water to crops. In mesopotamia, they built dams to control floods and have better irrigation system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Coercive Power

A

When the government is forced upon the people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Consensual power

A

When the people accept the role of government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

city, state, empire

A

city = large collection of land in an urban area, dedicated to gods states = a city and the land around it empire = ruler controlling many areas with different culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Mesopotamia

A

area where the first organized civilizations began, polytheistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Sumer/Sumerian

A

The first Mesopotamian civilization that invented the wheel, a number system (based on 60), and a writing system (Cuneiform) on tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Polytheism

A

believe in many gods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ziggurat

A

the structure on which the temple sat on, center of economics religion and politics and center of the center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

epic of gilgamesh

A

wanted to be immortal, was sumerian, created idea that one must live on through legacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Theocracy

A

When the ruler is also the head of the religion and in ancient times was usually seen as a god.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Pharaoh

A

The Egyptian ruler, considered to be a god.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

egypt

A

had the nile river with predictable floods, polytheistic, had upper and lower.
Old Kingdom (pyramids), Middle Kingdom (golden age), New Kingdom (Empire age)
Ruled by a pharaoh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Hatshepsut

A

Queen that had a lot of power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Egyptian Religon

A

Book of the Dead, Pyramids, Polytheistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Narmer/Palette of Narmer

A

Painting that showed the uniting of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Narmer = pre Dynastic King that united Upper and lower Egypt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

pyramid

A

where the kings were buried, showed power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Akkad/Akkadian Empire

A

Took over north and south mesopotamia. Was the worlds first Empire and was ruled by Sargon the Great.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Sargon

A

leader of akkadians, took control of sumerian city states and formed akkadian empire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Babylon

A

ruled by hammurabi and Hammaurabi’s code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Hammurabi’s Code

A

The worlds first law code that was written by Hammurabi and carved on a stele. “An eye for an eye”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

Focus on getting judged for good deeds and good thoughts in order to get into the afterlife.
Founded by Zoroaster who probably didn’t exist.
Zoroastrian god = Ahura Mazda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Persian Empire

A

Empire in Modern Day Iran. The first ruler was Cyrus the Great.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Cyrus the Great

A

A ruler that conquered from Asia Minor to the border of India. (Largest Empire at the time)
Was kind to conquered people and had religious tolerance. He allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their temple and created the capital

Created an efficient government

Persepolis which had a large audience hall.
Started Royal Road
Created the Satraps/Satrapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Darius

A

Cyrus’s grandson leader of Persia, royal road, and satrapy system, fought Greeks in Persian War.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Hinduism

A

An Indian religion that focuses on the purification on your energy and has the idea that you die and come back to life in a cycle until your energy is pure
(Samsara) and you reach Moksha.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Vedas

A

The texts for hinduism tell history about pre Aryans in India

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Karma

A

The sum of a person’s actions over several lifetimes and what you put into the universe comes back.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Dharma

A

(Hinduism) Job/obligation for the balance of the universe and if you continue to do your job you will purify your energy and leave the reincarnation cycle and reach Moksha.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Caste

A

Social structure implemented by the Arians when they took over India, putting Arians at the top and made it almost impossible to move up in the social structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Buddhism

A

A religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) who was a prince and his dad didn’t want him to see suffering, but when he saw it for the first time he had an awakening.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Eightfold Path

A

A way of living that has 8 different ways to dictate how you see the world.
Ex. Right View, Right mindfulness, right concentration, right effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Nirvana

A

By reaching a state of enlightenment by following the middle path, the 4 noble truths, and the eightfold path you can escape the cycle of reincarnation and suffering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Mauryan Empire

A

Empire near the Indus River but spread throughout India founded by Chandragupta Maurya, harsh ruler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Ashoka

A

The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya and the rules through Buddhism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Zhou Dynasty

A

The longest Chinese Dynasty, Confucianism and Daoism born in this period, oracle bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Oracle Bones

A

Animal bones that had symbols written on them and were heated and the reaction of the symbols was a prophecy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Dynastic Cycle

A

↗ New Ruler gets the Mandate of heaven ↘
↗ ↘
Period of Rebellion and Period of
ruler loses the Power/Prosperity
mandate of heaven. ↙
↖ ↙
↖ ↙
←←←←Decline/Corruption←←←

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

The idea that the gods want the current dynasty to be in power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Warring states Period in China

A

Different chinese states fighting for power and their own way of ruling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Legalism

A

believed people were naturally bad and had to be controlled. control nobles, scholars thought to be rebels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Qin Dynasty

A

The Dynasty after the Warring States period (first empire to unite china), built the Great Wall, used legalism, and built Terracotta warriors which demonstrates the power/organization of their empire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Great Wall

A

A wall built to keep out nomads and people from the north.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

terracotta warriors

A

showed ruler’s power, seeming to guide emperor into afterlife

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Meritocracy

A

The government selected jobs based on ablility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Han

A

Invented porcelain, iron, paper, and rudders, followed Confucianism and merit system, originated the silk road.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Analects

A

The collection of Confucius’s writings and ideas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

confucius

A

Kongfuzi, believed that life was based respect for five relationships, merit system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Confuciism

A

Filial piety (respect for elders), Relationships (one has more power than the other), Civil Service Exams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Civil Service Exams

A

Exams that decide if someone is fit for a job in the government. They were one of Confucius’s ideas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Daoism

A

Founded by Laozi, follow the Dao (the way) should not compete for power and wealth and instead should just live.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Athenian democracy

A

all males who served 10 years could vote only, Cleisthenes brought it about with council

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Pericles

A

Athenian statesmen, Supported/praised Athenian democracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Greek Mythology

A

Polytheistic. Worshiped many gods, many of which were the head of a certain area of the world. Ex. Hades = underworld Poseidon = Sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

socrates plato and aristotle

A

they were all greek philosophers, socrates mentored plato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Athens and Sparta

A

United to fight Persians (Persian war (Darius))
Have Peace when they defeat Persians but then Athens starts dominating with the Delian League and they have the Peloponnesian war.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Pantheon/Acropolis

A

Pantheon = The temple on top of the Acropolis in Athens.

Acropolis = Highest point in the city and usually there was a temple dedicated to the god of the city on top.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Hellenic and Hellenistic

A

Hellenic = Just Greece
Hellenistic = Mix of east and west

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Alexander the Great

A

From macedonia, father is Phillip II of Macedon (took over Greece), takes over Persia, hellenistic culture comes from when he took over land and combined east and west cultures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Roman Republic

A

Originally was ruled by kings but was turned into a republic meaning citizens have the power.
Government included:

2 Consules (1 year term and had power to veto senate)
↙. ↘
300 Senators (Only Patricians Term for life, made laws).

10 Tribunes (1 year term. Power to veto senate. Made laws for Plebeians)

Social structure:
Patricians (upper class)
Plebeians (Common people)
Slaves&freemen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Roman Empire

A

republic government, empire too large to manage, conflicting ideas about religion, slavery ruins economy eventually, populist ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Latin

A

Language of the Romans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

12 tables

A

set of inscribed laws in Rome, beginning of new approach to laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Punic Wars

A

Fights between Chartage and Rome

88
Q

Marius

A

military general who used loyal troops to gain power

89
Q

Consul

A

Were 2 of them. Had a one year term, one was patrician, one was plebeian and were basically the leader.

90
Q

Sulla

A

used loyal troops to oppose the power of Marius, ironic because he got power in the same way that he did

91
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Military leader that had a lot of success and became very popular with the people. Eventually was made dictator for life but was assassinated by a group of senators.

92
Q

Triumvirate

A

group of 3 powerful people, first triumvirate in Roman Empire was Crassus Pompey and Caesar. Caesar had lots of power and had many ideas

93
Q

Constantine

A

emperor of Roman Empire, was first emperor of Byzantine, Constantinople named after him, First christian roman emperor

94
Q

Augustus (Octavian)

A

Caesar’s adopted son and grandnephew who became the first Roman Emperor. Augusts is a name reserved for gods.

Had many Building projects
Organized government
Statue showed military and political power
Starts Pax Roman and Empire at height.

95
Q

Theodosius

A

Made Christianity the state religion of Rome (Edict of Thessalonica)

96
Q

Justinian

A

Byzantine emperor, had powerful wife Theodora, constructed Hagia Sophia, created Justinian’s code which was just the already set laws written down

97
Q

Eastern Roman Empire

A

Byzantine, believed jesus was human figure, had a patriarch which runs church with bishops, priests marry, power to emperor, speak greek and russian, constantinople and moscow, did not like icons, lasted much longer than western

98
Q

Western Rome/Fall of Rome

A

The side of the empire that was in decline.

Loss of Roman Values led to less loyalty to state, rise in Poverty, not able to create good political system, Plague, Christianities emphasis on spiritual kingdom rather than war, Latifundia separating rich people from the country also led to less loyalty all led to downfall.

Was Roman Catholic with a Pope.

99
Q

germanic tribes

A

attacked rome, sacked rome, helped bring the end of the Western Roman empire

100
Q

Monotheism

A

belief in one god

101
Q

abrahamic faiths

A

faiths where there is a covenant with god and followers, derives from abraham: islam, christianity, judaism, abraham first prophet of all

102
Q

prophet

A

human figure that recieves all the teachings of god and gives them to people

103
Q

judaism

A

first abrahamic religion, abraham and god made a covenant and abraham and his followers were chosen people to make a great nation. Covenant between God and his people

104
Q

Monothiesm

A

A religion that worships only one god.
Ex. Christianity, Islam, Judaism

105
Q

Abrahamic Faiths

A

Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, all of which trace the origins of their religion to Abraham

106
Q

Prophet

A

Someone who communicates with God and tells others what they are told

107
Q

Judaism

A

A religion founded by Abraham that believes they are the chosen people of the one and only God

108
Q

Covenant

A

An agreement that God has with his people

1st Covenant: An agreement between Abraham and God that if Abraham follows God he will have many descendants
2nd Covenant: The 10 Commandments

109
Q

Moses

A

Led the Jews out of Egypt and brought them into the promised land and on top of Mount Sinai received the 10 Commandments.

110
Q

10 Commanments

A

Moral rules that God gave to Moses and wants the Jews to follow.

111
Q

Solomon

A

The third king of Israel who built up Jerusalem and the Temple.

112
Q

Kings of Israel

A

Saul, David, Solomon

113
Q

Messiah

A

The Savior that the Jews believed God would send to liberate them.

114
Q

Christianity

A

A religion founded by Jesus Christ who is the Messiah and died for humanities sins.

115
Q

Jesus of Nazareth

A

The Son of God. Died to save humanity from their sins. Founded Christianity with teachings telling his followers to love their enemy and repent.
Many people felt threatened by Him.

116
Q

Paul of Tarsus

A

A man who originally persecuted Christians, but he eventually converted to Christianity and helped spread it throughout the Roman empire, most notably through his letters

117
Q

Apostles

A

The followers of Jesus closest to Him who helped spread the word of God throughout the world after His death.

118
Q

Missionary/Conversion

A

A missionary is a group of monks that goes to new places and try to convert people to Christianity.

119
Q

Catholic Church

A

The Church in the West after the Great Schism.
They were ok with icons
Had the Pope as their leader

120
Q

Eastern Orthodox Church

A

The Eastern part of the Church after the Great Schism
The were not ok with icons
The Patriarch was the leader

121
Q

Pope

A

The leader of the Roman Catholic Church.
He had power over both the bishops in the Church and the leaders.

122
Q

Patriarch

A

The leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
The Emperor appointed him. The Patriarch worked with the bishops to run the Church

123
Q

Excommunication

A

to exile someone so they are not connected to the church/ happens to people with power mainly

124
Q

Byzantine Empire

A

Modern name for the Eastern Roman Empire. Saw themselves as the continuation of the Roman Empire.
The capital was at Constantinople.

125
Q

Islam

A

A religion founded by Muhammad.
Followers follow 5 pillars of Islam.

126
Q

Dar-Al-Islam

A

The Islamic sphere of influence

127
Q

Muhammad

A

The Prophet of Islam.
Allah spoke to him and told him what to do (5 pillars) and the Koran what Muhammad was told by Allah.

128
Q

Caliphate

A

An Islamic dynasty

129
Q

Caliph

A

An Islamic leader. Can be a religious leader or a religious and political leader.

130
Q

Koran

A

The holy text of Islam. What Allah told Muhammad.

131
Q

Hajj

A

A pilgrimage to the Kaaba in Mecca (the holiest city in Islam) that every Muslim must make at least once in their lifetime.

132
Q

Umayyad Caliphate

A

2nd Caliphate after death of Muhammad.
Moved the capital to Damascus Syria because they thought they could rule an empire better from there.
When the Abbasids overthrew they they fled to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) and created the City of Cordoba.

133
Q

Abbasid Caliphate

A

Overthrew the Umayyads.
Claimed to decend from Muhammad’s uncle Abbas

Moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad (In between Tigris and Euphrates) and was built in the shape of a circle.
The location of the capital was very good for trade and merchants were able to make more money.

Fell from internal conflict

134
Q

Golden Age of Islam

A

A golden age when the age of Islamic leaning was at a height as large libraries were built and people came together to think as well as create calligraphy which was the only art form allowed to be produced because all other art was considered against the religion.

Able to happen because the Abbasid Empire was at it’s height and had peace.

135
Q

The Great Schism in Christianity

A

The church split over a dispute of icons.
The east (emperor) had outlawed them (iconoclasm)
The west was fine with them.
The churches split which was the last thing keeping the East and the West together.

136
Q

Sunni - Shi’a split in Islam

A

The sunni and shi’a split because they had a dispute over who was the leader.
The Sunnis were the larger group and wanted to be able to elect their ruler.
The Shi’a wanted the ruler to be Ali (descendant of Muhammad) and all future rulers to be descendants of Ali or Muhammad.

137
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

Martin Luther beloved that the Church had become corrupt and focused too much on worldly things like power and wealth.
He believed that the Church had to change and he was kicked out of the Church for his ideas.
Eventually Lutheranism was founded which Luther didn’t like because he wanted the Church to stay together. Later Calvinism was founded as well.

138
Q

Ghana

A

First Western African Empire.
Became very rich from gold salt trade and had a lot of gold.
Had a powerful king.
Went on decline from wars and was taken over by Mali.
Very opulent court that was visited by Al-bakri, an explorer that went all over the Muslim world.

139
Q

Mali

A

Sundiata united many kings and overthrew Ghana making him an emperor.
Got rich from Gold Salt trade and farming.
Capital = Timbuktu
Mansa Musa = powerful/rich king
Became a center of Islamic learning

140
Q

Mansa Musa

A

Very wealthy leader that used his wealth to expand territory and make Mali a center of Islamic learning. He created learning centers and Universities in Timbuktu and people came all the way from Arabia to learn.

Mansa Musa was so rich that when he went on the Hajj to Mecca and passed through Egypt, he spent so much gold that the currency collapsed.

He also made Timbuktu a large trading center.

141
Q

Timbuktu

A

A large center for trade and Islamic learning in Mali. *NOT THE CAPITAL
Mansa Musa built many universities, libraries, and learning centers here and people would come from all over the Islamic world to learn.

142
Q

Gold-Salt Trade

A

The trade of Gold and other items such as slaves, sliver, and ivory in return for salt from the Mediterranean.

Salt was almost more valuable the people in Ghana because they needed it to preserve food, and because of the hot climate they sweat a lot and needed to replace the salt they lost. They also could preserve food.

This trade was carried out by the Berbers who traveled across the desert with fleets of camels.

143
Q

Al-Bakri

Swahili Coast

A

In eastern Africa. Made up of small city states ruled by merchants.
They grew crops for personal use as well as trading and their culture was mixed between African and Islamic.

Two main city states are Kilwa and Mogadishu (Somalian capital today)

Traded across the Indian Ocean????????

144
Q

Swahili Language/culture

A

Language = trading language (A mix between Arabic and Bantu)
Culture = mix of Islam and Swahili as people would come over and marry someone, convert to Islam, ect.

145
Q

Islam in West and East Africa

A

Islamic traders brought Islam to Africa. Mali had the Islamic learning center (west)

In the east it mixed with the African culture

146
Q

Aztexs

A

Second large civilization in Central America
Salt = Currency
Tenochtitlan = Capitol, built on Lake Texcoco

Codex Mendoea is a big piece of art that give insite to life in the ???????

147
Q

Human Sacrifice

A

Inkas sacrificed kids because they were seen as more pure, was seen as honor

Aztecs sacrificed people to worship their god, took their hearts, not really an honor

148
Q

Inka

A

In Peru in Andes Mountains
Quipu = record system
Built a road system that could only be used for official government business. ????

149
Q

Quipu

A

The Incan record system

150
Q

Iroquois

A

Confederation of 5 tribes in NY+Canada
Women had political power and elected male chiefs
Known for longhouses

151
Q

Cahokia

A

Lived in the Plains and near the Mississippi River ???

152
Q

Indian Ocean Trade

A

Trade route from African coast to India and Southeast Asia.
Relied on predicable Monsoon Winds that made trade very efficient.
Would trade spices, silk, textiles, and glassware.

153
Q

Silk Road

A

A land and sea trade route that went from China all the way to the west.
Overland route would usually stop at the coast of the Black or Mediterranean Sea and travel to port cities like Venice.

154
Q

Agriculture Changes in China and Europe

A

China:
The growing or rice through rice paddy farming led to more food because you can grow rice much more easily than other crops and they are easy to prepare for human diets.
Metal tools

Europe:
Strip Farming
Iron plow pulled by horses through a new harness.
Water/Windmills
Fallow field farming
New type of cattle

155
Q

Commercialization

A

As there were more and more people more people could enter specialized trades because they were not needed in the fields, meaning that people could buy things produced by the specialized trades.

156
Q

Arabian Peninsula

A

The center of the Islamic world. Where Muhammad lived and where Mecca is.

157
Q

Arabic

A

The Islamic language. What the Koran is written in and stylized version of the verses of the Koran became art because other forms of art are not allowed in Islam.

158
Q

Persia, Persian

A

Where modern day Iran is. and becomes Muslim

Spread of Islam
Dar-Al-Islam

159
Q

Tang Dynasty

A

Characterized by a economic prosperity, good government, and advances in farming, Strong military, successful diplomatic relations and economic prosperity

Major Leaders
Tang Gaozu who unites China and starts the dynasty
Wu Zhao (Empress Wu) Only female leader

Government = bureaucracy

Buddhism spread throughout China through trade and missionaries

Quingming river painting

160
Q

Bureocracy

A

system of government with different departments led by officials

161
Q

Song Dynasty

A

Characterized by economic prosperity, advances in farming, and good government

Buddhism challenged because it was considered foreign and the monasteries were too powerful and Buddhism went against Confucianism

Came after the Tong Dynasty

162
Q

Buddhism in China

A

It spread into China through trade as well as missionaries traveling to spread it during the Tang Dynasty but it was challenged during the Song dynasty because it was considered foreign, the monasteries had too much power and it went against Confucianism.

163
Q

Charlemagne

A

The first Holy Roman Emperor
Was king of the Franks until Pope Leo III crowned him Holy Roman Emperor (sets precedent that only the Pope can crown an Emperor)

Empire doesn’t last long after Charlemagne and split up between his sons and when the central gov collapsed local lords fought for land.

Grandfather = Charles “The Hammer” Martel (kept the Muslims from coming further into Europe)
Dad = Pepin (founder of Frankish Kingdom)

164
Q

Holy Roman Empire

A

The unification of a bunch of smaller kingdoms seen as the continuation of the Roman Empire

165
Q

Feudalism

A

The social/political Structure of Medieval Europe

                                                            King. 
                            Protection/Knights↑↓
                                                              ↑↓ Give Land (fife)
                                                          Nobels
                                          Protection ↑↓                 
                                                              ↑↓Give land (fife)
                                                             Knight
                                       Food/Service↑↓
                                                               ↑↓Give Land/ protection (fife)
                                                       Peasants/Serfs
166
Q

Manorialism

A

Economic structure

                   Protection/Land
  Lord ⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄⇄ Peasants. 
                    Supplies (food and Taxes)
167
Q

Crusades

A

A series of campaigns by the Europeans to go reclaim the Holy land, called for by Pope Urban II when the Byzantine emperor asked for help because the Seljuks were starting to invade the Byzantine Empire.

168
Q

Seljuk (Turks)

A

Turks that served as a buffer between the Mongols and Europe, fought against the Europeans during the crusades, and took a lot of territory from the Byzantine Empire.

169
Q

Urban II

A

The Pope that called on all of Europe to defend the East from the Seljuk turks and retake the holy land. He promised forgiveness of all sins if you went to go fight.

170
Q

Saladin

A

A turkish general, defeated army of crusaders and captured Jerusalem

171
Q

Holy Lands

A

Basically Israel, where Jesus lived, taught, and died

172
Q

Crusader States

A

States set up by the crusaders in land they gained during the first crusade

173
Q

Chivalry/Chivalric Code

A

A code that give you guidelines on how to act. It was instituted to keep people from fighting.
Tells people to respect the Church, women, and children.
If you were a knight you had to follow this cod and it made becoming a knight a religious title

174
Q

Italian Merchant City-States

A

Venice, Florence, and Genoa.
They became very wealthy by supplying the crusades.

175
Q

Genghis Khan

A

A brutal warrior that united all of the Mongol clans and took over the world’s largest empire through his ruthless military tactics.

176
Q

Mongols/Mongol Empire

A

Pastoral Nomads (Moved around with animals to graze them) and lived in the Central Asian Steppes.
Were expert horsemen and expert archers.
The Mongol empire was the largest Empire in the world and was spread through expert military techniques, and the fear they instilled in their enemies from their brutal tacticts caused the enemies to submit.

177
Q

Pax Mongolica

A

The era of Mongol Peace in which trade (Silk Road) was a large part of the empire and the empire became very prosperous.

178
Q

Khanate

A

Different providences that the Mongols split their territory into to make governing easier, but they eventually split into their own kingdoms (The Golden Hoard and the Yuan Dynasty)

179
Q

Yuan Dynasty

A

Mongols in China. Yuan = beginning.

Kublia Kahn = Genghis’ grandson and first ruler of dynasty
He reduced the power of the scholar officials and ended the civil service exam because he wanted the Mongols to have power, creating a new social hierarchy with the Mongols on top.

180
Q

Black Death

A

A disease that spread throughout the world from China along the silk road.
Possible spread with rats along with the Mongol’s conquest.
Spread into Europe through the port cities.

181
Q

Brahman

A

Everything/the supreme force in the universe

182
Q

Brahma

A

The creator

183
Q

Vishnu

A

The preserver

184
Q

Shiva

A

The destroyer

185
Q

King Tut

A

everything we know from his tomb, something about him showed coercive vs consensual power

186
Q

Athens and Sparta

A

United to fight Persians (Persian war (Darius))
Have Peace when they defeat Persians but then Athens starts dominating with the Delian League and they have the Peloponnesian war.

187
Q

Athens and Sparta

A

United to fight Persians (Persian war (Darius))
Have Peace when they defeat Persians but then Athens starts dominating with the Delian League and they have the Peloponnesian war.

188
Q

Hellenic and Hellenistic

A

Hellenic = Just Greece
Hellenistic = Mix of east and west

189
Q

Italian Renessance

A

A period of rebirth when thinking went to the forefront and art and culture developed more.

190
Q

Humanism

A

A more secular (worldly) view of the world. Focused less on Religion and more on Education which emphasized the Civic duty (relates back to Ancient Greece).

Focused on studying the classics.
Painters = Michelangelo and DeVinci

191
Q

secularism

A

division of politics and religion

192
Q

Gutenberg

A

Invented the printing press which quickened spread of knowledge and literature

193
Q

Martin Luther

A

Monk who believed you could achieve salvation based on just faith alone, reformed the church and created Lutheranism

194
Q

School of Athens (Painting)

A

Painted by Raphael and showcased ancient thinkers and artists, but their images were shown as the modern day Renesance thinkers.

195
Q

indulgences

A

certificate saying that you donated to catholic church, seen as a sign of a good christian

196
Q

95 Theses

A

Written by Luther. Reasons he believed the Church needed to change and why.

197
Q

Justification by Faith

A

reasoning that faith alone justifies salvation

198
Q

John Calvin

A

came up with idea of since god has planned everything, he either plans for you to be “elect” or not from birth. called calvinism

199
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A

The end of the German Wars of Religion. Decided that each individual lord could choose the relgion for their area. Either lutheranism or Chatholosism

200
Q

Huguenots

A

french calvinists, mostly nobles, opposed the monarchy

201
Q

scientific revolution

A

revolution where reasoning for how the world worked was found. The churches opposed this because they could be seen as wrong.

202
Q

Geocentric

A

idea that every other planet and they revolved around the Earth

203
Q

Henry of Navarre

A

The leader of the Protestant forces in the French wars of Religion.

204
Q

Heliocentric

A

Copernicus created idea that earth actually revolved around the sun with other planets. thought it revolved in circle, reality it moves in an ellipse

205
Q

Japan

A

Shintoists, social structure : emperor, shogun (shogun had more power than figurehead emperor eventually),daimyo, samurai, peasants, artisans, merchants/// missionaries looked down upon

206
Q

Galileo

A

An Italian Astronomer that used a telescope to discovered that the Universe was made out matter and he discovered many moons of different planets

207
Q

Prince Shotoku

A

Created a centralized government based on China with administrative districts, the land belongs to the divine Emperor, and nobles’ power is limited

208
Q

Shogun

A

The military leader under the Emperor who carried out his demands.

209
Q

emperor

A

highest social status, at some point became a figurehead, shoguns started to take control where they originally were supposed to answer to emperor

210
Q

Shinto

A

“The way of the gods”
There are spirits that exist in all things leading to great respect for the natural world
Emperor seen as divine
Emphasis on family, respect, purity, and selflessness

211
Q

Mehmet II

A

The military leader that led the sack of Constantinople, and expanded the empire into the Balkans

212
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Group of turks, controlled the land of anatolia, had provincal governers called beys, sultan led the ottomans, used infantry to advance military, trained christians for military called janissaries, had devshirme system and millet system

213
Q

Suleyman the Magnificent

A

Ruled during a golden age
Known as a law giver
Had large building projects (Blue Mosque, coffee houses)

214
Q

Millet System

A

The head of individual religions interacted with their people on behalf of the sultan (collected taxes, ect.)

215
Q

Devshrime

A

They put non Muslims in power because they could not be sultan reducing competition to the throne because there were less Muslims in power. Janasaries who were elite warriors who were Christian but converted to Islam were recruited through Devshrime.

World History (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions