Chapter 7 Quiz Flashcards
Rise of the West Theory
The idea that the west had to grow to be the best because their predecessor’s were the greeks and romans who took over everyone and because of the ideals that those societies created, they are superior.
Contingency
Thinking about the many possible outcomes that could have stemmed from an event
Coincidence
Two random events that are connected.
Conjuncture
A combination of events that lead. an outcome
Vasco de Gama
The first Portuguese Sailor to go around Africa and enter the Indian ocean trade.
Caravel
Mobile ships that were able to sail against the wind but large enough to carry a large amount of goods and cannons for protection.
Spices
One of the main traded goods in the Indian ocean trade that was good for preserving food.
Main spice = pepper
Indian Ocean commercial network
Trading between India, the spice islands, swahili city states, and the Arabian peninsula
Zheng He
A Chinese Admiral who had many voyages around the world going as far as the Swahili city states, bringing back many new plants and animals, as well as being diplomatic by using the tribute system.
Trading Post empire
The Portuguese set up many trading posts throughout the Indian ocean and made people pay in order to be able to pass by the trading posts.
Carrying trade
The Portuguese would carry goods for other people, facilitating the Indian ocean trade because they didn’t have goods that other countries wanted.
Aztec Empire
The Empire in Mexico, its capital was Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) and the empire fell to the Spanish conquistadors. The last Emperor was Montezuma II.
Inca Empire
In Peru. Very mountainous. They were also divided and therefore very easy for the Spanish to take over
Conquistadors
Conquerers who came from Spain to take over and rule Spanish settlements in the Americas
hernan cortes
Conquered the Aztecs
Francisco Pizarro
Conquered the Incas
Great Dying
When almost 90% of the Native American population was killed off from diseases that were brought over from Europe
Little Ice Age
A period when the Earth cooled very rapidly and created a very cold and rainy period that brought famine and hardship throughout he world because plants could not grow.
General Crisis of the 1600’s
The effects of the little ice age, combined with inflation because of an increase in silver being injected into the market from Spanish colonies in the Americas led to people not being able to pay for a reduce amount of crops, meaning many people were left hungry.
Encomienda System
A system that was supposed to establish a ruler of the new Spanish colonies by rewarding conquistadors with rule of any land they conquered. The natives were supposed to be given basic rights and be converted to Christianity, but they were actually treated like slaves in terrible working conditions.
Plantation system
Slaves from Africa were taken and used to work on plantations in the Americas to produce cash crops. Because the production of cash crops, like sugar, are very expensive, free labor creates the most profits for the plantation owner.
Slavery
The physical ownership of human beings.
Transatlantic slave system
Slaves were brought from Africa to the Caribbean, then cash crops went to Europe , then Europeans went to Africa to get more slaves to bring to the Americas.
African Diaspora
The movement of Africans all over the globe as the result of slavery.
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of ideas, plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and the Afro-Eurasian world.
Atlantic World
europe, the americas, and Africa looked at as a network.
Philippines and Manilla
Much of the silver extracted from the silver mines in south America was taken to the Philippines which then became a center of Asian trade for spices and other goods.
Manila Galleon trade
Many large galleons would leave from Spain to the Caribbean and South America, then go back to Spain with the silver. Other ships would take the silver to the Philippines and into the Indian ocean spice trade. These ships could only go into special port cities so the government could keep an eye on the silver.
Piece of Eight
The Spanish currency
Silver drain
The use of silver from the Americas to pay for luxury products from the east.
Potosi
Where the main silver mine was (present day Bolivia)
The roles of China, India, and Europe in the Global economy
Europe takes gold from south America to use to pay for the luxury items that are being produced in China and India in the Indian Ocean trade.
