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USMLE-rx > March 6th > Flashcards

March 6th Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what channel represents phase 0 of the myocyte contraction curve?

A

Na+

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2
Q

What is the CD associated with NK cells?

A

CD16 (can also be found on Macs)

CD56 (this is specific to NK cells)

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3
Q

What is the role of CD16 found on NK cells and some macs?

A

To bind to the FC portion of IgG that has coated viruses and other microorganisms

the binding causes NK cells to release granzyme and perforin

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4
Q

What is complex 1 of the ETC called?

A

NADH dehydrogenase

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5
Q

What inhibits and what kind of inhibitor is it that acts again NADH dehydrogenase?

A

Retonone is a competitive inhibitor

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6
Q

How do competitive inhibitors affect Km and Vmax?

A

Increase Km and thus decrease affinity

- No change to Vmax

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7
Q

How do non-competitive inhibitors affect Km and Vmax?

A

No change to Km

  • Lower Vmax
  • this makes sense because increase the amount of substrate will not overcome a non-competitive inhibitor and thus you will never reach normal Vmax!!!
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8
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

Mostly benign neoplasm that resembles the tissue of origin in which it grows

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9
Q

What is the mnemonic for tuberous sclerosis?

A 
HAMARTOMASS
Hamartomas of CNS and skin 
Angiofibromas
Mitral regurge 
Ash leaf spots 
Rhabdomyoma 
Tuberous sclerosis 
Adosomal Dominant 
Mental retardation
renal Angiofibroma 
Seizures 
Shagreens patches
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10
Q

What category is tuberous sclerosis in of disorders?

A

Neurocutaneous disorders

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11
Q

How would one describe an ash leaf spot?

A

Hypopigmented oval shaped nevus

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12
Q

What is the malfunction in tuberous sclerosis?

A

Mutation in Tuberin and Hamartin proteins which regulated cell growth
Chromosome 9 and 16

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13
Q

What trumps a living will?

A

Durable power of attorney

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14
Q

Is insulin cleaved inside in the cell or outside? Where specifically?

A

Inside the cell in the Golgi apparatus

  • the GA receives a vesicle from the RER which is proinsulin
  • The GA uses proteases to cleave proinsulin into insulin and C-Peptide. Then it is released from the cell
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15
Q

What is eculizumab?

A

Terminal complement inhibitor

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16
Q

What is the mutation or problem in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?

A

Defective GPI anchor protein and thus decay accelerating factors and membrane attack complex inhibitory factors

  • which both inhibit complement derived degradation of our own cells
  • PIG-A gene
17
Q

What is another name for Decay accelerating factors?

A

CD55

18
Q

What is another name for membrane attack complex inhibitory factors?

A

CD59

19
Q

What is seen on flow cytometry in the pt with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?

A

RBCs that are negative for CD55/59

20
Q

What is the common complaint of a pts with PNH?

A

When they wake in the morning they have blood tindged urine.

This is because overnight the urine in the bladder concentrates more lysed RBCs than during the day when we go to the bathroom many times

21
Q

What are the two vasculitises that are positive for p-ANCA?

A

Churg-Strauss

Microscopic polyangiitis

22
Q

What is the vasculitis that has a positive c-ANCA?

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

AKA Wegener’s

23
Q

What is another name for Churg-Strauss disease?

A

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

24
Q

What are some of the adverse affects of tetracycline toxicity?

A 
GI distress
Teeth discoloration
Inhibited bone growth 
Photosensitivty
Liver tox 
Nephrotoxic
25
Q

What microbe infects CF patients before and after 20?

A

Before is Pseudomonas

After is Staph A.

26
Q

What is the deletion in CF? Chromosome?

A

Chromosome 7 where there is a deletion in Phe508 on the CFTR gene which leads to abnormal protein folding of an ATP Cl- channel

27
Q

What roots are used to make the long thoracic nerve and what does it innervate? Problem with nerve leads to what physical exam abnormality?

A

Serratus anterior muscle from roots C5-C7

- Winged Scapula

28
Q

What is the role of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

Keep the scapula attached to the rib cage

29
Q

What sort of procedures commonly cause winged scapula?

A

Axillary node removal

Mastectomy

30
Q

What is the mechanism of which Niacin cause facial flushing?

A

Niacin causes prostaglandins to be release from Langerhans cell in the skin leading to vasodilation

31
Q

What is used to treat Niacin supplementation facial flushing?

A

NSAIDs

32
Q

What is the equation for steady state concentration?

A

Infusion rate/Clearance

33
Q

What is as synonym for steady state concentration?

A

Plasma concentration

34
Q

What is another way to calculate steady state using plasma concentration as a surrogate?

A

Maintenance dose*bioavailability/Clearance

35
Q

What are heart failure cells ?

A

Hemosiderin-laden macs

- blueish brown hue

36
Q

What innervates the the lateral pterygoid?

A

V3

mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

USMLE-rx (9 decks)

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