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D&D, BL Unit III > Mar 3 - Intro to Dermatology > Flashcards

Mar 3 - Intro to Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important form of vit D for humans?

A

Vit D3

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2
Q

Why is sunlight important in on vit D synthesis pathway?

A

Converts vit D7 to the usable D3

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3
Q

Pruritis =

A

itching

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4
Q

Urticaria =

A

hives

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5
Q

Alopecia areata =

A

hair loss

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6
Q

What molecule do melanocytes use to protect from UV damage?

A

Melanin

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7
Q

What is eumelanin?

A

Good black to brown pigment

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8
Q

What is pheomelanin?

A

Moderately dysfunctional yellow to brown pigment

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9
Q

You have darker skin if…?

tanning is not the answer

A

You have more melanocytes more uniformly spread

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10
Q

Vitiligo

A

Autoimmune disorder that attacks melanocytes - acquired. Complete loss of pigment in effected skin areas

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11
Q

Where are stem cells located in the skin?

A

Stratum basalis

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12
Q

Which two skin layers do hemidesmosomes connect?

A

Stratum basalis with stratum spinosum

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13
Q

What two molecules does keratin attach?

A

Laminins and Type VII collagen

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14
Q

What happens if Pt has an Ab to hemidesmosomes?

A

Blistering everywhere

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15
Q

What cells do desmosomes connect?

A

Keratinocytes

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16
Q

What is the most superficial layer of the skin?

A

Stratum corneum

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17
Q

What skin layer only shows up on tough, thicker skin areas (eg. the palm, plantar foot)

A

Stratum lucidum

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18
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris

A

Flaccid blistering due to an Ab to desmosome proteins. Autoimmune

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19
Q

What are filaggrin and what do they secrete?

A

They are stretching epidermal cells - secrete Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF)

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20
Q

What syndrome(s) is/are associated with filaggrin defects?

A

Icthyosis Vulgaris or Atopic Dermatitis (eczema)

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21
Q

What are langerhans cells important for?

A

Cell-mediated immunity as Ag-presenting cells – allergies

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22
Q

What are merkel cells?

A

Cells associated with dermal nerve endings (fine touch)

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23
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis? Which layer contains hair follicles/eccrine glands?

A 
Papillary layer
Reticular layer (this one!)
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24
Q

Eschar =

A

scabs/crusts

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25
Q

Which is smaller, a macule or a patch?

A

Macule (> 1 cm)

26
Q

Ecchymosis =

A

bruise

27
Q

Bulla =

A

blister

28
Q

Pustule =

A

Pus-filled blister

29
Q

Erythema =

A

redness

30
Q

You see a honey-colored crust. You think this could be:

A

A bacterial infection

31
Q

You see a yellow-green crust. You think this could be:

A

Pseudomonas skin infection

32
Q

You see grouped vesicles with erythema. You think this could be:

A

Herpes

33
Q

You see palpable purpura. You think this could be:

A

Vasculitis (ex: Leukocytoplastic Vasculitis)

34
Q

You see a Pt with red skin all over. You think this could be:

A

Erythroderma - Pt’s are cold all the time

35
Q

Telangectasia =

A

Dilated blood vessels close to the skin’s surface

36
Q

What are some patterns of skin disorder distribution?

A

Lymphadermic, Dermatomal, Photodistributed (sunburn), Intertriginous (folds), Flexinol (inside elbow/knee)

37
Q

What does collagen provide the dermis?

A

Tensile strength

38
Q

Synthesis of collagen?

A

Procollagen from fibroblast ->tropocollagen -> aggregation with vitC cofactor

39
Q

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

A

Genetic collagen disease with poor wound healing and hyperextensible skin/joints

40
Q

Gorlin;s sign

A

Being able to touch your nose with your tongue (Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome)

41
Q

Molluscoid Pseudotumors

A

Poor wound healing leading to tumor-scars (collagen issue)

42
Q

What do elastic fibers provide the dermis?

A

The ability to “snap back” after being stretched

43
Q

What is Solar Elastos?

A

Damaged elastic fibers with low resiliency (older Pt’s)

44
Q

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE)

A

AABC6 gene mut that causes dysfunctional elastic fiber production. Makes skin look like a plucked chicken’s

45
Q

What does ground substance do?

A

Allows for diffusion of O2, H2o, nutrients into the epidermis

46
Q

What is glycosaminoclycan made of/do?

A

Absorbs H2O - made of hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulfate

47
Q

Type A dermal nerves

A

Highly myelinated, quick transduction : touch and proptioception

48
Q

Type C dermal nerves

A

Not myelinated, slow transduction: temperature, itching, dull pain

49
Q

What are Meissner’s Corpuscles?

A

Natural corpuscles responsible for fine touch (hands and feet)

50
Q

What are Pacinian Corpuscles?

A

Natural corpuscles responsible for deep pressure and vibration (genitalia)

51
Q

What is the embreyonic form of hair?

A

The Primitive Ectodermal Germ

52
Q

Three phases of hair growth:

A

anagen, telogen, catagen (randomly throughout body)

53
Q

What causes most hair loss?

A

Testosterone being converted to DHT, causing terminal hair to be converted into vellum hair

54
Q

What bacterium is responsible for causing acne?

A

P. acnes

55
Q

Rosacea is typical for which Pt population?

A

Middle aged (Celtic) women

56
Q

Difference between holocrine and eccrine glands?

A

Holocrine excrete entire cell contents, Eccrine (sweat) glands only secrete a portion of cell contents

57
Q

Prickly heat is caused by

A

miliaria = excessive sweating causing blockage of the sweat glands (acquired disorder)

58
Q

Which glands are responsible for body odor?

A

Apocrine glands

59
Q

The glands in the axilla are typically which type?

A

Apoeccrine glands (mix of apocrine and eccrine - smelly sweat glands)

60
Q

How do you treat hyperhidosis (too much sweating)?

A

Botox injections. They block ACh at the secretion plate

D&D, BL Unit III (10 decks)

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