Mar 3 - Intro to Dermatology

Question 1

What is the most important form of vit D for humans?

Answer 1

Vit D3

Question 2

Why is sunlight important in on vit D synthesis pathway?

Answer 2

Converts vit D7 to the usable D3

Question 3

Pruritis =

Answer 3

itching

Question 4

Urticaria =

Answer 4

hives

Question 5

Alopecia areata =

Answer 5

hair loss

Question 6

What molecule do melanocytes use to protect from UV damage?

Answer 6

Melanin

Question 7

What is eumelanin?

Answer 7

Good black to brown pigment

Question 8

What is pheomelanin?

Answer 8

Moderately dysfunctional yellow to brown pigment

Question 9

You have darker skin if…?

tanning is not the answer

Answer 9

You have more melanocytes more uniformly spread

Question 10

Vitiligo

Answer 10

Autoimmune disorder that attacks melanocytes - acquired. Complete loss of pigment in effected skin areas

Question 11

Where are stem cells located in the skin?

Answer 11

Stratum basalis

Question 12

Which two skin layers do hemidesmosomes connect?

Answer 12

Stratum basalis with stratum spinosum

Question 13

What two molecules does keratin attach?

Answer 13

Laminins and Type VII collagen

Question 14

What happens if Pt has an Ab to hemidesmosomes?

Answer 14

Blistering everywhere

Question 15

What cells do desmosomes connect?

Answer 15

Keratinocytes

Question 16

What is the most superficial layer of the skin?

Answer 16

Stratum corneum

Question 17

What skin layer only shows up on tough, thicker skin areas (eg. the palm, plantar foot)

Answer 17

Stratum lucidum

Question 18

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Answer 18

Flaccid blistering due to an Ab to desmosome proteins. Autoimmune

Question 19

What are filaggrin and what do they secrete?

Answer 19

They are stretching epidermal cells - secrete Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF)

Question 20

What syndrome(s) is/are associated with filaggrin defects?

Answer 20

Icthyosis Vulgaris or Atopic Dermatitis (eczema)

Question 21

What are langerhans cells important for?

Answer 21

Cell-mediated immunity as Ag-presenting cells – allergies

Question 22

What are merkel cells?

Answer 22

Cells associated with dermal nerve endings (fine touch)

Question 23

What are the two layers of the dermis? Which layer contains hair follicles/eccrine glands?

Answer 23

Papillary layer
Reticular layer (this one!)

Question 24

Eschar =

Answer 24

scabs/crusts

Question 25

Which is smaller, a macule or a patch?

Answer 25

Macule (> 1 cm)

Question 26

Ecchymosis =

Answer 26

bruise

Question 27

Bulla =

Answer 27

blister

Question 28

Pustule =

Answer 28

Pus-filled blister

Question 29

Erythema =

Answer 29

redness

Question 30

You see a honey-colored crust. You think this could be:

Answer 30

A bacterial infection

Question 31

You see a yellow-green crust. You think this could be:

Answer 31

Pseudomonas skin infection

Question 32

You see grouped vesicles with erythema. You think this could be:

Answer 32

Herpes

Question 33

You see palpable purpura. You think this could be:

Answer 33

Vasculitis (ex: Leukocytoplastic Vasculitis)

Question 34

You see a Pt with red skin all over. You think this could be:

Answer 34

Erythroderma - Pt's are cold all the time

Question 35

Telangectasia =

Answer 35

Dilated blood vessels close to the skin's surface

Question 36

What are some patterns of skin disorder distribution?

Answer 36

Lymphadermic, Dermatomal, Photodistributed (sunburn), Intertriginous (folds), Flexinol (inside elbow/knee)

Question 37

What does collagen provide the dermis?

Answer 37

Tensile strength

Question 38

Synthesis of collagen?

Answer 38

Procollagen from fibroblast ->tropocollagen -> aggregation with vitC cofactor

Question 39

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Answer 39

Genetic collagen disease with poor wound healing and hyperextensible skin/joints

Question 40

Gorlin;s sign

Answer 40

Being able to touch your nose with your tongue (Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome)

Question 41

Molluscoid Pseudotumors

Answer 41

Poor wound healing leading to tumor-scars (collagen issue)

Question 42

What do elastic fibers provide the dermis?

Answer 42

The ability to "snap back" after being stretched

Question 43

What is Solar Elastos?

Answer 43

Damaged elastic fibers with low resiliency (older Pt's)

Question 44

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE)

Answer 44

AABC6 gene mut that causes dysfunctional elastic fiber production. Makes skin look like a plucked chicken's

Question 45

What does ground substance do?

Answer 45

Allows for diffusion of O2, H2o, nutrients into the epidermis

Question 46

What is glycosaminoclycan made of/do?

Answer 46

Absorbs H2O - made of hyaluronic acid and dermatan sulfate

Question 47

Type A dermal nerves

Answer 47

Highly myelinated, quick transduction : touch and proptioception

Question 48

Type C dermal nerves

Answer 48

Not myelinated, slow transduction: temperature, itching, dull pain

Question 49

What are Meissner's Corpuscles?

Answer 49

Natural corpuscles responsible for fine touch (hands and feet)

Question 50

What are Pacinian Corpuscles?

Answer 50

Natural corpuscles responsible for deep pressure and vibration (genitalia)

Question 51

What is the embreyonic form of hair?

Answer 51

The Primitive Ectodermal Germ

Question 52

Three phases of hair growth:

Answer 52

anagen, telogen, catagen (randomly throughout body)

Question 53

What causes most hair loss?

Answer 53

Testosterone being converted to DHT, causing terminal hair to be converted into vellum hair

Question 54

What bacterium is responsible for causing acne?

Answer 54

P. acnes

Question 55

Rosacea is typical for which Pt population?

Answer 55

Middle aged (Celtic) women

Question 56

Difference between holocrine and eccrine glands?

Answer 56

Holocrine excrete entire cell contents, Eccrine (sweat) glands only secrete a portion of cell contents

Question 57

Prickly heat is caused by

Answer 57

miliaria = excessive sweating causing blockage of the sweat glands (acquired disorder)

Question 58

Which glands are responsible for body odor?

Answer 58

Apocrine glands

Question 59

The glands in the axilla are typically which type?

Answer 59

Apoeccrine glands (mix of apocrine and eccrine - smelly sweat glands)

Question 60

How do you treat hyperhidosis (too much sweating)?

Answer 60

Botox injections. They block ACh at the secretion plate