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D&D, BL Unit III > Feb 26 2014 - Viral Pathogens, Influenza > Flashcards

Feb 26 2014 - Viral Pathogens, Influenza Flashcards

1
Q

What are you looking for with an EIA (Enzyme ImmunoAssay)?

A

Color change, which indicates the presence of an antigen

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2
Q

What is the most sensitive and specific test for identifying a viral infection?

A

PCR

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3
Q

What drug do you commonly use to treat a herpes virus?

A

Acylcovir

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4
Q

What does a HSV-1 or HSV-2 vesicle look like?

A

Clear fluid bubble with red base - painful!

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5
Q

Is initial contact or reactivation the disease-causing part of herpes?

A

Reactivation - Sx = lesions, fever, anorexia

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6
Q

What is gingivostomatitis?

A

Herpes lesions/manifestations in the FRONT of the mouth and tongue

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7
Q

What is herpetic whitlow?

A

Herpes-inoculated finger via contact (healthcare workers)

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8
Q

What is herpes gladiotorum?

A

Other herpes skin lesions via contact - think ears, neck, etc.

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9
Q

What is the difference between genital herpes lesions, syphilis ulcers, and a chancroid?

A

genital herpes: very painful, red, ulcerated

syphilis: hard and painless ulcers
chancroid: soft, painful ulcer, with lymph node involvement

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10
Q

What is herpes keratitis?

A

Dendritic lesions in the cornea (herpes virus reaches cornea from opthalmic br. of CN5)

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11
Q

Why is neonatal herpes an emergency?

A

Bc lesions in the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes will often lead to CNS issues and Disseminated (lethal) herpes

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12
Q

Can you pass on herpes in an asymptomatic phase?

A

Yes. Viral shedding happens often even with out Sx’s

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13
Q

How is herpes virus transmitted?

A

Through contact, sexual or otherwise, and mom to child

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14
Q

How is VZV (Varicella Zoster Virus) transmitted?

A

Via aerosol droplets or contact

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15
Q

What are some symptoms of initial VZV (Varicella Zoster Virus) infection?

A

Fever, cough, cropping/itchy rash (chicken pox)

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16
Q

What kind of vaccine is the chicken pox vaccine?

A

Live, attenuated (VAR), do not give to immunocompromised Pts

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17
Q

Can you pass on VZV (Varicella Zoster Virus) in an asymptomatic phase?

A

Nope :) There is no asymptomatic shedding

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18
Q

What are some symptoms of reactivated VZV (Varicella Zoster Virus) infection?

A

Shingles - so intensely painful, dermatomal rashes. Can cause neuralgia

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19
Q

What do you give 60+ y/o Pt’s to boost immune system against VZV?

A

Zostavax - a vaccine booster to prevent shingles

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20
Q

Is VZV immune response Ab or Tcell mediated?

A

Tcell mediated

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21
Q

Sx of EBV infection?

A

Fever, cough, mild HSM, lymphadenopathy

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22
Q

Where is EBV hanging out during a latent period? Is EBV infection curable?

A

EBV hangs out in B-cell lymphocytes, and once infected, always infected

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23
Q

Proportion of the population that will be infected with EBV by age 40?

A

90% (believe it. Also, yikes)

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24
Q

What do you look for on histologic slide with EBV?

A

Large, abundant, basophillic WBC cytoplasm

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25
Q

What does it mean if Pt has EBNA?

A

Pt had an active EBV a little while ago

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26
Q

How is CMV (Cytomegalovirus) transmitted?

A

Via contact, blood transfusion, transplant, being pregnant (?)

27
Q

Which cells are infected with CMV?

A

epithelial cells, esp. in salivary glands and genital/urinary tract (shed in the urine)

28
Q

Proportion of the population that will be infected with CMV by age 40?

A

50-80% will be carriers

29
Q

Where does latent CMV virus hang out?

A

In MO, LY

30
Q

Sx of CMV reactivation?

A

Asymptomatic unless immunocompromised (gotcha!)

31
Q

Sx of Congenital CMV Syndrome?

A

Hearing loss, HSM, jaundice, “blueberry spots”

32
Q

Which tests Dx CMV?

A

Serology for IgM and IgG, or PCR, or viral culturing, or direct fluorescence

33
Q

What do you look for on histologic slide with CMV?

A

“Owl’s eye” intranuclear inclusion bodies

34
Q

Tx for CMV?

A

Gancyclovir

35
Q

What type of virus is RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)?

A

enveloped, ssRNA

36
Q

What do G and F proteins do for RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)?

A

G protein = virus attachment

F protein = fusion of cells

37
Q

How is RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) transmitted?

A

Contact or aerosol

38
Q

Sx of RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)?

A

fever, runny nose, involvement of lower resp tract

39
Q

Sx of Bronchiolitis?

A

congestion, cough, fever, decreased RR with retractions and pneumonia-like wheezing

40
Q

Possible Tx for RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)?

A

Supportive mostly. Also Ribivirin (expensive), Albuterol, or mAb to RSV’s F-protein

41
Q

What type of virus is Rotavirus?

A

dsRNA with segmented genome

42
Q

Sx of Rotavirus infection?

A

Vomiting, watery diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain for 3-8 days

43
Q

What does Rotavirus do to the GI tract?

A

Kills and causes sloughing of microvilli on enterocytes (osmotic diarrhea)

44
Q

What test to Dx Rotavirus?

A

ELISA assay on stool samples

45
Q

Does Rotavirus cross-protect against Norovirus?

A

Nope. Damn, bc Norovirus is also crazy contagious

46
Q

When is Influenza season normally?

A

December - March, with peak in February

47
Q

What type of virus is influenza?

A

Segmented RNA virus

48
Q

Type A influenza

A

Pandemic proportions - Severe in animals and humans

49
Q

Type B influenza

A

Epidemic proportions - Less severe, humans only

50
Q

Antigenic Drift

A

Small changes/muts that accumulate over time

51
Q

Antigenic Shift

A

One large change, usually due to 2 viral genomes infecting the same host that co-mingle. (Type A Flu)

52
Q

Influenza drugs that inhibit Neuramidase

A

Oseltamivir, Zanamivir

53
Q

Influenza drugs that inhibit Influenza matrix

A

Amantidine, Rimantadine

54
Q

Influenza Sx in neonates

A

high fever, mottling, apnea, GI issues, anorexia

55
Q

Influenza Sx in adults

A

High fever, muscle aches, chills

56
Q

FLAARDS?

A

Flu Acute Associated Respiratory Distress Syndrome

57
Q

2009 Swine Flu was which strain?

A

H1N1

58
Q

3 criteria for Pandemics?

A

1) Emergence of new subtype
2) Must infect humans & cause serious illness
3) Sustained transmission w/out interruption in humans

59
Q

Influenza nasal vaccine is (live, dead) (trivalent, quadravalent)

A

Live attenuated, Quadravalent

60
Q

Pt is febrile, with signs of focal process (redness, abscess). Bacterial or viral?

A

Bacterial (probably)

61
Q

Pt has a high lymphocyte count. Bacterial or viral?

A

Viral (probably)

62
Q

Pt has left-shift with elevated neutrophils. Bacterial or viral?

A

Bacterial

63
Q

Pt. has blood-tinged sputum. Bacterial or viral?

A

Probably bacterial (pneumonia)

D&D, BL Unit III (10 decks)

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