Mania

Question 1

Bipolar affective disorder

Answer 1

2 or motor episodes in which the patients mood and activity levels are significantly disturbed - this disturbance consisting on some occasions of hypomania or mania and on others, depression

Question 2

Hypomanic episode

Answer 2

mood elevated or irritable to a degree that is definitely abnormal for the individual and sustained for at least 4 consecutive days

Question 3

Signs present in hypomanic episode

Answer 3

at least 3 of the following signs-

1. Increased activity or physical restlessness
2. increased talkativeness
3. difficulty concentrating/ distractibility
4. decreased need for sleep
5. increased sexual energy
6. mild spending sprees and other types of reckless or irresponsible behaviour

Question 4

Manic episode

Answer 4

mood predominantly elevated, exponsive or irritable- must be prominent and sustained for at least 1 week (unless they’re detained before this)

Question 5

Manic episode signs

Answer 5

At least 3 signs- must be interfering significantly with personal life
1. increased activity or physical restlessness
2. increased talkativeness
3. flight of ideas/thoughts racing
4. loss of social inhibitions- inappropriate behaviour
5. decreased need for sleep
6. inflated self esteem/grandiosity
7. Distractibility/constant changes in activity/plans
8. reckless behaviour
9. marked sexual energy/ sexual indiscretion
psychotic symptoms- delusions or hallucinations

Question 6

Mania with psychotic symptoms

Answer 6

delusions/hallucinations present- not in 3rd person, not completely impossible or culturally innapropriate

Question 7

lifetime prevalence of mania/bipolar

Answer 7

lifetime prevalence 1-4%
Onset- late teens/early 20s
Family history BPAS- earlier onset

Question 8

comorbidity

Answer 8

anxiety disorders, alcohol and drug misuse, personality disorders, eating disorders, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia

Question 9

predictors of poor outcome

Answer 9

early onset
low socioeconomic status
subsyndromal