Management in ENT Flashcards
How long does acute pharyngitis normally last and what is the management?
3-4 days
supportive/analgesia
When should immediate antibiotic prescription be considered for tonsillitis?
patients with 3 or more condor criteria, very unwell, signs/symptoms of complications eg peritonsillar abscess
Peritonsillar abscess treatment?
same day hospital admission for aspiration and drainage
IV antibs such as benzylpenicillin
2 episodes indicate tonsillectomy
Glandular fever treatment?
analgesia, antipyretics, advice
What advice should glandular fever patients be given?
avoid contact sports for 6 weeks
Treatment of parapharyngeal abscess should focus on what?
ensure airway obstruction does not occur
Treatment of retropharyngeal abscess should focus on what?
emergency admission under ENT specialist (risk of airway compromise)
Airway care, drainage of abscess, IV antibiotics
Treatment of oral candida?
miconazole gel or nystatin for less severe
For severe infection: systemic treatment with fluconazole
Treatment for epiglottitis?
emergency referral for airway care
IV antibiotics
Treatment of scarlet fever?
antibiotics
Treatment for dipetheria?
IV benzylpenicillin (also refer)
Treatment of rhinitis?
allergen avoidance, antihistamine, topic steroids, then topical steroids AND antihistamine
Treatment of nasal polyps?
steroids
Treatment of nasal trauma?
manipulation under anaesthesia
Treatment of septal haematoma?
needs to be drained
Treatment of sinusitis?
Nasal decongestants, broad spectrum antibs, steam inhalations, inflammatory therapy
May need drainage of sinus - functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Treatment of presbycusis?
hearing aids
Acoustic neuroma treatment?
surgery difficult/often not necessary
Treatment of OME?
surgical interventation: if below 3 = grommets, if over 3 = grommets and adenoidectomy
Treatment of AOM?
80% resolve in 4 days without antibiotics
Treatment of cholesteatoma?
mastoid surgery
Treatment of mastoiditis?
hospitalization, antibiotics, myringotomy
Treatment of bullous myringitis?
supportive treatment
Treatment of barotrauma?
supportive
Treatment of otitis externa?
topical aural toilet
treatment depends on culture eg topical clotrimazole for aspergillus niger
If otitis externa is resistant to treatment, what may this suggest?
malignancy
Treatment of TMJ dysfunction?
NSAIDs eg diclofenac, stabilizing orthodontic occlusal prostheses, cognitive therapy
Treatment of vestibular neuronitis?
supportive with vestibular sedatives
generally self limiting
Treatment of pinna haematoma?
drainage quickly
Treatment of nasal polyps?
oral then topic steroids
Treatment of otosclerosis?
hearing aid and surgery
fluoride
cochlear implant
