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ENT > ENT Descriptions > Flashcards

ENT Descriptions Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation of tonsils and rest of pharyngeal mucosa, usually associated with either coryzal type illness or a respiratory tract infection

A

acute pharyngitis

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2
Q

Main bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis?

A

beta-haemolytic streptococcus

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3
Q

Abscess that forms in between the tonsil capsule, may be spontaneous or after tonsillitis

A

peritonsillar abscess

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4
Q

triad of pharyngitis, fever and cervical lymphadenopathy

A

glandular fever

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5
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

triad of pharyngitis, fever and cervical lymphadenopathy but also including lypmhocytosis with atypical lymphocytes

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6
Q

What causes 90% of Infectious mononucleosis?

A

EBV

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7
Q

Spread of infection from tonsil or quinsy through superior constrictor muscle of pharynx

A

parapharyngeal space

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8
Q

Tends to occur in children following suppuration of retropharyngeal lymph node after bacterial or viral sore throat

A

retropharyngeal abscess

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9
Q

Thrush of the mouth and pharynx, causing sore throat

A

oral candida

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10
Q

usually caused by Haem influenzae type B, incidence peaks at ages 3, 7 and during adulthood

A

epiglottitis

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11
Q

Now uncommon condition resulting from group A strep infection

A

scarlet fever

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12
Q

Rare in UK due in immunisations, caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae, can affect multiple body sytems

A

diptheria

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13
Q

Drugs such as what can cause neutropenia which predisposes patients to pharyngeal ulceration and oropharyngeal infections

A

carbimazole and sulfalazine

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14
Q

Patients with allergic rhinitis are sensitized to specific allergens and have what antibodies for relevant allergens

A

IgE

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15
Q

Vasomotor rhinitis or nasal polyps

A

non-allergic rhinitis

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16
Q

Is acute infective rhinotsinusitis viral or bacterial?

A

98% are viral

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17
Q

Collection of blood between perichondrium and septal cartilage

A

septal haematoma

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18
Q

Infection or paranasal sinuses which can be bacterial or funfal

A

sinusitis

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19
Q

Which bacteria mainly cause sinusitis?

A

strep pneumonia/haem influenza

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20
Q

progressive, usually bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in elderly

A

prebycusis

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21
Q

Loss of cochlear outer hair cells, ganglion cell loss in vestibulocochlear nerve fibres and atrophy of the striae

A

prebycusis

22
Q

benign subarachnoid tumours that cause problems with local pressure

A

acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma

23
Q

Inflammation of middle ear with accumulation of fluid, peak age is 3 years

A

OME

24
Q

What should you suspect in adults with OME?

A

post nasal space tumour

25
Q

fundamental probelm is with dysfunction of Eustachian tubes

A

OME

26
Q

Is OME commoner in boys or girls?

A

boys

27
Q

What other factors make OME more common?

A

winter time, Down’s syndrome, primary ciliary dyskinesia

children of smokers

28
Q

Most common bacterial causes of AOM?

A

strep pneumonia, haem influenze, strep pyogenes

29
Q

often a URI infoving middle ear by extension of infection up the eustachian tube

A

AOM

30
Q

Active squamous chronic otitis media

A

cholesteatoma

31
Q

Is cholesteatoma a tumour?

A

no

32
Q

What predisposes to TMJ dysfunction?

A

teeth grinding and stress
Depression
Ehlers Danlos

33
Q

Middle ear pressure cannot be equalized during descent in aircraft or diving, causing damage

A

barotrauma

34
Q

inflammation of outer ear canal

A

otitis externa

35
Q

Bacterial causes of otitis externa?

A

staph aureus, proteus spp, pseudomonas aerg

36
Q

Fungal causes of otitis externa?

A

aspergillus niger, candida albicans

37
Q

Associated with vestibular portion of vestibulocochlear nerve, occurs within temporal bone and represents 80-90% of cerebellopontine angle tumours

A

vestibular schwannoma

38
Q

Commonest cause of vertigo on looking up

A

BPPV

39
Q

Caused by otoliths breaking off from vestibule of labyrinth and getting into semicircular canal

A

BPPV

40
Q

Floppy tissue above vocal cord falls into airway when a child breathes in
present at birth

A

Laryngomalcia

41
Q

shearing force to auricle leads to separation of anterior perichondrium for the underlying cartilage
tearing of blood vessels

A

pinna haematoma

42
Q

bony hypertrophy from cold exposure

A

extoses

43
Q

secreted in outer 3rd of canal

A

wax

44
Q

Common in patients under 5 and adults with learning difficulties, causes a lot of inflammation

A

foreign bodies in ear

45
Q

80% of temporal bone fractures

A

longitudinal

46
Q

Can cross the internal acousitc meatus causing damage to the auditory and facial nerves

A

transverse temporal fracture

47
Q

80% of temporal bone fractures

A

longitudinal temporal fracture

48
Q

Can cross the internal acousitc meatus causing damage to the auditory and facial nerves

A

transverse temporal fracture

49
Q

often associated with non allergic asthma

A

nasal polyps

50
Q

autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance

A

otosclerosis

51
Q

vascular spongy bone replaces normaly bone or otic capsule, particularly around oval windoq

A

otosclerosis

52
Q

What are symptoms of otosclerosis made worse by?

A

pregnancy, menstruation, menopause

ENT (15 decks)

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