Mammalian pre and post implantation development II Flashcards
What are the TEAD4 complexes?
Part of the yap tax complexes
What are KLF and SOX2?
Pioneering TFs
First decision in embryonic development?
Being a embryo or a placenta
WHat happens to maternal transcriptions from the early embryo to late blastocyst stage?
They reduce
Male pronuclei demethylation?
V rapid
Female pronuclei demethylation?
slower than the male
How does de novo methylation initially happen?
V tissue/cell specific manner
What can happen to the cells that migrate towards the genital ridge?
They can get stuck, can remain as an adult and have the possibility to give rise to tumours
What are germ cell tumours?
Tumours that arise from cells getting stuck while trying to migrate to the genital ridge
How do embryonic tumours form?
Cells that are migrating to the gentical ridge get stuck, and can remain in place into adulthood–> they are stem cells
They are treatable
When can epigenetic bias be visible?
4 cell stage
What sort of differences can arise at the 4 cell stage?
Epigenetic differences–> i.e. Sox stabilizing at different areas in the different cells genomes
What do cells in the blastocyst decide to become?
Inner cell mass or trophectoderm
What can Ago2 do?
Reduce the amount of maternal RNA
Why does Ago2 reduce the amount of maternal RNA?
Zygote has no maternal RNA so has to make its own
WHat can be done with a blastocyst in IVF?
It can be cultured, at least to gastrulation
How can ESCs be created from the blastocyst?
Can take cells out of the inner cell mass
What can be done with the ESCs from the inner cell mass?
Can keep growing them, can freeze them etc
What csn the ESCs from the inner cell mass be differentiated into?
Skin, brain, muscle, bone, liver, sperm, egg
How are IPS cells made?
Take a cell from an adults skin, reprogram it to make an IPSC
