Malnutrition / Lipidemia / Physical Activity Flashcards
What does FITT stand for?
Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
How is the “F” in the FITT principle usually measured?
Days per week.
How is the “I” in the FITT principle usually measured?
Light, moderate, or vigorous.
How is the “Time” in the FITT principle usually measured?
Length and duration of physical activity.
How is “Type” in the FITT principle usually measured?
What kind of physical activity, sport, or type of exercise.
What is the daily/weekly recommended amount of aerobic activity, muscle strengthening, bone strengthening for children & adolescents?
> 60 min / day at least 3x/wk for each activity.
What is the daily/weekly recommended amount of aerobic activity and muscle strengthening for adults?
150 min aerobic training weekly + resistance training x2 / week.
How does the recommended physical activity for seniors (65+) differ from a adult (18-64y) requirements.
Add balance exercises to bone strengthening activities to weekly workload.
Early death, heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, depression, and some cancers are all associated with what stimulus?
Physical Activity
About how many adults meet physical activity requirements?
About 1 in 5 (21%).
Which region of the US typically scores the worst in physical activity requirements?
South
What is malnutrition?
Deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances in energy intake. (underweight and overweight populations)
How would Under-Nutrition be defined?
Lack of nutrients needed for tissue maintenance and repair.
What is the underlying risk factor for malnutrition?
Inflammation (Increased risk of mortality)
For a malnutrition diagnosis, the presence of two or more of what subjective global assessments should be present?
What should be the focus of malnutrition treatment?
Nutrient Intake: regain muscle mass and replete subcutaneous fat to improve functional status.
What is the BMI range for someone that is overweight?
25 - 29.9 kg/m2
What is the BMI range for someone with Class 1: Obesity?
30 - 34.9 kg/m2
What is the BMI range for someone with Class 2: Obesity?
35 - 39.9 kg/m2
What is the BMI range for someone with Class 3: Obesity?
> 40 kg/m2
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Diabetes mellitus, some forms of cancer, and musculoskeletal problems are function of what disease?
Obesity
For males, what waist size is a threshold for CVD?
> 35 inches
For females, what waist size is a threshold for CVD?
> 40 inches
How frequent should aerobic activity be performed for obesity treatment and at what difficulty?
40-60% VO2 for than 5 days / week for at least 30 minutes.
How often should resistance training be performed for obesity treatment and at what difficulty?
2-3 days / week at 60-70% 1RM.
What is the weekly physical activity goal to maintain long-term weight loss?
> 250 total minutes weekly, over 5-7 days.
What is Dyslipidemia?
Abnormal amounts of lipids in the blood. (LDL UP / HDL Down + elevated triglycerides)
What is Dyslipidemia a major risk for?
Atherosclerotic CVD.
What are Triglycerides (TG) and where are they?
Storage form of fat, found circulating in the blood via lipoproteins.
What is Cholesterol and where can it be found?
Fatlike waxy substance residing with cell membranes circulating the blood supply via lipoproteins. It is also precursor to steroid hormones.
What are 4 Lipoproteins?
Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL
What are Chlyomicrons and where do they originate from?
Transport lipids to tissues, sourced from the intestine.
What is VLDL and where does it originate from?
Precursor of LDL that transports triglycerides, sourced from the liver.
What is LDL, and where does it originate from?
Transports cholesterol throughout the body (transport vessel for CH), sourced from VLDL & chylomicrons?
What is HDL, and where does it originate from?
From the intestine, removes cholesterol from tissues and LDL-C to return to the liver.
What causes Dyslipidemia?
Environmental (diet & lifestyle), Genetics (poor LDL receptors), and Pathology (metabolic syndrome).
What is optimal or near optimal for LDL levels?
< 100 - 129.
What is a desirable Total Cholesterol (TC) level?
< 200.
What range should HDL Cholesterol levels be in?
40 - 60 (normal)
What is a normal level for Triglycerides?
< 150 (Normal)
What are the 2 primary forms of Dyslipidemia treatments?
Lifestyle Change & Statin’s
What do Statins help prevent?
Heart Attack & Stroke.
