Cardiopulmonary Responses to Acute Exercise Flashcards
What is a normal RHR range?
Normal: 60 - 100 (Typically: 65 - 85)
What is Bradycardia and what is it’s RHR range?
When resting heart rate is below normal. ( < 60 bpm)
What is Tachyardia and what is its RHR range?
When resting heart rate is above normal. ( > 100 bpm)
Endurance training favors parasympathetic or sympathetic dominance & why?
Endurance training favors parasympathetic dominance through increased vagal tone (reduced heart rate).
How does peripheral input regulate heart rate?
Through mechanoreceptors (active muscles) & baroreceptors (arterial blood pressure).
What is the anticipatory sympathetic HR response to exercise mediated by?
Norepi / Epi - mediated.
What is the most accurate assessment for calculating a person’s heart rate max?
A graded exercise stress test (GXT)
What is a normal stroke volume for a 70kg male?
70 ml
What are determinants of stroke volume?
Venous return, preload (filling time), and afterload (increased vascular resistance, semilunar damage)
At what point does stroke volume stope increasing with exercise intensity and plateau?
40 - 60 % VO2 max
What is cardiac output and what is its formula?
Volume of blood pumped per minute. Q = HR x SV.
What is a typical cardiac output / min?
70 beat/min x 70 mL/beat = 4.9 L/min
When stroke volume plateau’s, how does the body continue to raise its cardiac output keep up with exercise intensity?
Heart Rate will continue to rise (beats per minute) to elevate cardiac output to continue to meet exercise demand.
What is Max Q & what is it’s limit?
Max cardiac output: 20-40 L/min
What is a normal blood pressure (systolic & diastolic)
120 / 70-80
What is a blood pressure range for atherosclerosis?
SBP: 300 (ish) & DBP: 120 (ish)
What is a blood pressure range for hypertension (HTN)?
SBP: >140 / DBP: >90
Does resistance training increase or decrease blood pressure (acutely)?
Significantly increases both SBP & DBP.
What is a blood pressure range that is too high to continue exercising?
SBP > 250 / DBP > 115
How much does vigorous exercise increase coronary blood flow?
4-6 x increase. (elevated myocardial metabolism & increased aortic BP)
What is the O2 utilization in the heart in relation to blood flow?
70-80% used by myocardium from coronary vessels.
What is rate-pressure product (RPP)?
Is a measure of the stress put on the cardiac muscle & a good measure of the energy consumption of the heart.
What is typical resting RPP & what is its the formula?
Typical resting RPP = 6000 (HR x SBP) [50x120=6000]
Does RPP increase or decrease with cardio-respiratory fitness & why?
Decreases due to lower RHR.
At rest blood distribution to the body is fairly even. At max output, what are some of the areas blood is distributed away from?
Renal, Skin, Liver, and other various structures receive less BF as skeletal muscle demands more to meet exercise demand.
How does ventilation increase to meet the demands of exercise?
Increase in tidal volume, and breathing (respiration) rate.
What is Dyspnea?
Shortness of breath. Sensed by patient as the inability to breathe.
What is the actual cause of Dyspnea?
Inability to adjust breathing adequately to the increases in blood (arterial) CO2 & H+
What is the underlying pathology to dyspnea?
Asthma, COPD, etc…
What is the normal breathing rate at rest?
Roughly 15 breaths / min
What is hypocapnia?
Excessive CO2 unloading (via over-breathing “light headedness”)
What is the mean peak BP in males at 100% maximum while using the valsalva maneuver?
311 / 284 mmHg
