Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

an enlarged prostate can interfere with _____ because it narrows the _____

A

urination, urethra

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2
Q

The end result of meiosis is 4 gametes that are _____ with 23 chromosomes. This means that each gamete has _____ the number of chromosomes of the original gamete.

A

haploid, half

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3
Q

_____ is cell division of somatic cells. It involves ___ cell division phase wherein _____ daughter cells are produced. The _____ number of each daughter cell is the same as the parent cell.

A

mitosis, one, duplicate, chromosome

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4
Q

_____ are sex cells produced by each parent.

A

gametes

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5
Q

A _____ is a fertilized egg that has a combination of both parents’ genes.

A

zygote

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6
Q

_____ sex organs or gonads produce gametes. _____ sex organs are organs other than the gonads that are necessary for reproduction.

A

primary, secondary

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7
Q

As the hypothalamus matures at puberty, it produces _____ _____ hormone. This hormone stimulates anterior pituitary cells (gonadotropes) to secrete _____ _____ hormone and _____ hormone.

A

gonadotropin-releasing (GnRH), follicle stimulating (FSH), luteinizing (LH)

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8
Q

FSH stimulates _____ and raises sperm count.

A

spermatogenesis

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9
Q

LH stimulates interstitial cells to produce _____

A

testosterone

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10
Q

Spermatogenesis involves 1) the remodeling of large _____ cells into small mobile sperm cells with _____, 2) the reduction of chromosome number by 1/2 in sperm cells, and 3) the shuffling of genes so new combinations exist in the sperm that are different from the _____. 4 sperm cells are produced from one germ cell by _____.

A

germ, flagella, parents, meiosis

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11
Q

In spermatogenesis, _____ are transformed into _____. Excess cytoplasm is discarded, and they grow tails!

A

spermatids, spermatozoa

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12
Q

2 requirements for sperm motility

A

elevated pH

energy source

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13
Q

_____ fluid buffers vaginal acidity from 3.5 to 7.5

A

prostatic

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14
Q

an enlarged prostate can interfere with _____ because it narrows the _____

A

urination, urethra

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15
Q

The protein that clots and causes the stickiness of the semen is _________.

A

seminogelin

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16
Q

Prior to ejaculation, sperm are stored primarily in ___ _______.

A

the epididymus

17
Q

The first hormone secreted at the onset of puberty is ________-_______ _______.

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

18
Q

When it is necessary to reduce sperm production without reducing testosterone secretion, the sustentacular cells secrete ______.

A

inhibin

19
Q

The point in meiosis at which sister chromatids separate from each other is ______ ____.

A

anaphase II

19
Q

Under the influence of androgens, the embryonic ______ duct develops into the male reproductive tract.

A

mesonephric

20
Q

Spermatozoa obtain energy for locomotion from ______ in the semen.

A

fructose

21
Q

The _______, a network of veins in the spermatic cord, helps keep the testes cooler than the core body temperature.

A

pampiniform plexus

22
Q

All germ cells beginning with the _______ are genetically different from the rest of the body cells and therefore must be protected by the blood-testis barrier.

A

secondary spermatocytes

23
Q

The corpora cavernosa as well as the testes have a fibrous capsule called the ______.

A

tunica albuginea

24
Q

Over half of the semen consists of secretions from a pair of glands called the _______.

A

seminal vesicles

25
Q

The blood-testis barrier is formed by tight junctions between the _______ cells.

A

sustentacular

26
Q

The earliest haploid stage of spermatogenesis is the _____.

A

secondary spermatocyte

27
Q

Erection of the penis occurs when nitric oxide causes the _______ arteries to dilate.

A

deep

28
Q

A sperm penetrates the egg by means of enzymes in its _____.

A

acrosome