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Western Medicine 502 > Exam 1-3 (and Jeopardy) Questions > Flashcards

Exam 1-3 (and Jeopardy) Questions Flashcards

1
Q

An ionic bond is formed when

A

an anion meets a cation

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2
Q
  1. The weakest and most temporary of the following chemical bonds are:
    a. Polar covalent bonds
    b. Nonpolar covalent bonds
    c. Hydrogen bonds
    d. Ionic bonds
    e. Double covalent bonds
A

Hydrogen bonds

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3
Q

The only polysaccharides synthesized in the human body is

A

glycogen

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4
Q

Which of the following functions is more characteristic of carbohydrates than of proteins?

a. Contraction
b. Energy storage
c. Catalyzing reactions
d. Immune defense
e. Intercellular communication

A

Energy storage

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5
Q

The arrangement of polypeptide into a fibrous or globular shape is called its

A

tertiary structure

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6
Q
  1. The feature that most distinguishes a lipid from a carbohydrate is that a lipid is
    a. Contains more phosphate
    b. Is made from polypeptide chains
    c. Is less oxidized than carbohydrates and more caloric
    d. Has a higher ratio of hydrogen to oxygen
    e. A, b, and c
    f. C and d
A

C and d

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7
Q
  1. Any substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by it is a/an _______. In the human body, _______ serves this function.
A

Catalyst/enzymes

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8
Q

A chemical named _______ is derived from ATP and widely employed as a “second messenger” in cellular signaling:

A

cAMP

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9
Q

120 degrees F will allow enzymes to work faster than 20 degrees F.

A

false

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10
Q

The monomers of a polysaccharide are called amino acids.

A

False

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11
Q

The Na+ -K+ pump is

A

A transmembrane protein

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12
Q

Cells specialized for absorption of matter from the ECF are likely to show an abundance of

A

Microvilli

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13
Q

Which of the following processes could occur only in the plasma of a living cell?

A

Active transport

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14
Q

If a cell were poisoned so it could not make ATP, osmosis through its membrane would cease.

A

False

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15
Q

The plasma membrane consists primarily of protein molecules

A

False

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16
Q

Human cells swell or shrink in any solution other than isotonic ones.

A

True

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17
Q

Fusion of secretory vesicle with the plasma membrane, and release of the vesicle’s contents, is called

A

Exocytosis

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18
Q

The golgi complex may become lysosomes.

A

True

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19
Q

If someone bought a saltwater fish in a pet shop and put it in a freshwater aquarium at home, what would happen to the fish’s cells?

A

Swell

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20
Q

The cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing.

A

True

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21
Q

Cells come only from pre-existing cells.

A

True

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22
Q

An individual whale cell can grow to the size of a small dog.

A

False

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23
Q

There are more organelles than cells in the body

A

True

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24
Q

In the plasma membrane, glycolipids and glycoproteins face toward the cytoplasm, while peripheral proteins always face toward the ECF.

A

False

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25
Q

The greater concentration gradient, the faster the diffusion rate

A

True

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26
Q

Failure of chloride pumps to regulate adequate saline layer on the cell membrane creates abnormal mucous production. This is found in cystic fibrosus.

A

True

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27
Q

Both nucleus and mitochondrion are surrounded by a double layered unit membrane.

A

True

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28
Q

The nucleus is responsible for the genetic control of the cell.

A

True

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29
Q

Ribosomes play a vital role in protein synthesis.

A

True

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30
Q

The fluid outside the cell is called

A

extracellular fluid

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31
Q

_________ are the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane.

A

Phospholipids

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32
Q

Proteins can serve all of the following functions except

a. Catalyze metalbolic reactions
b. Give structural strength to cells and tissues
c. Produce muscular and other forms of movement
d. Regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells
e. Store hereditary information

A

Store hereditary information

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33
Q

Enzymes are specific to substrates because of their shape and their

A

Active sites

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34
Q

Lactase is the enzyme which specifically breaks down (digests) which sugar?

A

Lactose

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35
Q

The clear fluid found within a cell which contains organelles and other structures is know as:

A

Cytoplasm

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36
Q

The ______ division tends to prepare the body for action.

A

Sympathetic

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37
Q

The autonomic nervous system controls all the following except:

g. Adrenal gland functions
h. Smooth muscle in the walls of the aorta
i. Cardiac muscle in the right atrium
j. Skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis
k. Parotid salivary gland function

A

Skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis

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38
Q

The blood brain barrier consists of

A

Tight junctions between endothelial cells that form a filter within the capillary walls

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39
Q

A patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches. A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. This individual most likely has

A

Meningitis

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40
Q

The cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are found in

A

The medulla oblongata

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41
Q

The functions of the hypothalamus include:

m. Regulate hormone secretion
n. Thermoregulation
o. Regulate hunger and thirst
p. All of the above

A

All of the above

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42
Q

Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in the

A

Cerebellum

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43
Q

The nervous system employs electrical and chemical means to send messages, whereas the endocrine system communicates via the blood through chemical messengers.

A

True

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44
Q

The primary site on a neuron, that receives signals from other neurons is/are:

A

Dendrites

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45
Q

When a neuron is stimulated, channel proteins open, allowing ______ to exit the cell:

A

Na+

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46
Q

The all or none law means:

A

If threshold is reached, the neuron fires at its maximum voltage

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47
Q

Acetylcholine is degraded in the synaptic cleft by

A

Acetycholinesterase

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48
Q

The most abundant glial cells in the CNS are

A

astrocytes

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49
Q

A demyelinating disease seen in adults is

A

Multiple sclerosis

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50
Q

Identify the cerebral lobe associated with voluntary motor functions, motivation, planning, mood, memory, social judgment and aggression.

A

Frontal

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51
Q

pain and temperature are detected by

A

free nerve endings

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52
Q

cochlear hair cells rest on the basilar membrane within the

A

organ of cortil

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53
Q

the facial and what other cranial nerves sense taste?

A

Glossopharygneal

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54
Q

all of the rectus muscles of the eye are controlled by the

A

oculomotor

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55
Q

cranial nerve _____ carries signals for both hearing and balance?

A

8

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56
Q

the most finely detailed vision occurs when an image falls on the pit in the retina called the

A

fovea centralis

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57
Q

which of the following skin conditions or appearances would most likely result from liver failure?

A

Jaundice

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58
Q

cells of the stratum corneum are

A

kartinized and dead

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59
Q

blueness of the skin due to low oxygen concentration in the blood is called

A

cyanosis

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60
Q

the three layers of skin are the

A

epidermis, dermis and hypodermis

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61
Q

________ sweat glands develop at the same time in life as the pubic and axillary hair, and are associated with phermones and body odor.

A

apocrine

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62
Q

antibodies belong to a class of plasma proteins called

A

gamma globulins

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63
Q

________ is blood plasma minus its clotting proteins.

A

serum

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64
Q

the universal donor is:

A

O negative

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65
Q

_________ is a severe deficiency of mature white blood cells.

A

luekopenia

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66
Q

all mature formed elements of the blood come from ______ ______ _____.

A

pluripotent stem cells

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67
Q

to get from the right atrium to the right ventricle, blood flows through the ____ ____.

A

triscuspid valve

68
Q

the death of the cardiac tissue from lack of blood flow is commonly known as heart attack, but clinically called:

A

myocardial infarction

69
Q

the cardiac conduction system includes all of the following except

A

the tendinous cords

70
Q

the atria contract during the

A

P wave

71
Q

cardiac muscle is more vulnerable to ____ ______ than lack of glucose.

A

O2 deficiency

72
Q

what specific part of the heart wall provides a smooth endothelial lining?

A

Endocardium

73
Q

Oxygenated blood from the pituitary veins enters what chamber?

A

The left atrium

74
Q

Right shoulder pain resulting from gall stones is an example of

A

referred pain

75
Q

The malleus is in direct contact with the

A

tympanic membrane

76
Q

Vitamin a is necessary for the synthesis of

A

rhodopsin

77
Q

The ______ is not a motor cranial nerve

A

optic

78
Q

This cranial nerve is the most important sensory nerve of the face.

A

Trigeminal

79
Q

Nerve fibers from all regions converge on the optic disc and exit the eye by the way of

A

the optic nerve

80
Q

Clouding of the lens so vision is impaired is a condition called

A

cataracts

81
Q

The cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are found in the

A

medulla oblongata

82
Q

Most of the ventricle filling occurs during

A

atrial systole

83
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve ________, and the aortic valve is ______ _____.

A

closes, pushed open

84
Q

Half of the fibers of each optic nerve decussate up the optic chiasm before reaching the ____ ____.

A

visual cortex

85
Q

_______ ________ is the most superficial (outermost) layer of the heart

A

Visceral perdicarium

86
Q

The ________ performs the contractions of the heart

A

myocardium

87
Q

Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by

A

hydrostatic pressure gradients

88
Q

changes in the cerebrospinal fluid pH are detected by

A

chemoreceptors

89
Q

Which of the following skin condition appearances would most likely result from allergic reaction to jewelry or soap?

A

Dermatitis

90
Q

Which structure allows the upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the tympanic membrane?

A

Auditory eustacian tube

91
Q

__________ is a state of elevated pressure within the eye that occurs when the scleral venous sinuss is obstructed and so the aqueous humor is not reabsorbed as fast as it is secreted.

A

glaucoma

92
Q

What tissue primarily makes up the hypodermis?

A

Adipose

93
Q

Fever blisters found on the chest and back may be cause by

A

shingles

94
Q

The oil of your scalp is secreted by

A

sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles.

95
Q

hair follicles and nail beds are embedded in the

A

dermis

96
Q

The least common but deadliest type of skin cancer is

A

malignant melanoma

97
Q

The right side of the heart is associated with

A

the pulmonary circuit

98
Q

Burns involving the epidermis and part of the dermis are classified as

A

second degree

99
Q

Differential count of neutrophils typically increase in response to

A

bacterial infections

100
Q

Partial obstruction of a coronary artery can cause

A

angina pectoris

101
Q

The ______ is the region of the pharynx which receives the auditory (eustacian) tube and contains the pharyngeal tonsil.

A

Nasopharynx

102
Q

The final air passages which finally give rise to alveoli are:

A

The terminal bronchioles

103
Q

Respiratory arrest would most likely result from a tumor of the

A

Medulla oblongata

104
Q 
Which of these values would normally be the highest?
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Vital capacity
A

Vital capacity

105
Q

The _____ protects the lungs from injury by excessive inspiration.

A

Inflation reflex

106
Q

Poor blood circulation causes ______ hypoxia.

A

Ischemic

107
Q

90% of the CO2 transported by the blood is in the form of ______.

A

Bicarbonate ions

108
Q

The superior opening into the larynx is guarded by a tissue flap called the ______.

A

Epiglottis

109
Q

The intrapulmonary pressure must be lower than ____pressure for inspiration to occur.

A

Atmospheric pressure

110
Q 
Atelectasis can result from: 
Puncture through the thoracic wall in the pleural cavity
Lack of surfactant
Both a and b
None of the above
A

Both a and b

111
Q

Labored gasping breathing, and shortness of breath is known as

A

Dyspnea

112
Q

The greater the PCo2 the blood is, the lower the pH is.

A

True

113
Q

Pepsinogen and trypsinogen are enzymatically inactive proteases.

A

True

114
Q

Food in the stomach stimulates the secretion of ______ and pepsinogen.

A

HCI

115
Q

Pernicious anemia can result from a lack of _____ in the stomach?

A

Extrinsic factor

116
Q

The lacteals absorb

A

Chylomicrons

117
Q

Distended veins that protrude into the anal canal are known as?

A

Hemorrhoids

118
Q

Anatomically, the _____ of the stomach most closely resemble the ____ of the small intestine.

A

Gastric pits, intestinal crypts

119
Q

Nervous stimulation of gastrointestinal activity is mediated mainly through the parasympathetic fibers of the _____ nerves.

A

Vagus

120
Q

The submucosal and myenteric plexuses collectively constitute the _____ nervous system.

A

Enteric

121
Q

Gallstone formation is know as

A

Cholelithiasis

122
Q

The absorption of dietary iron depends on intrinsic factor.

A

False

123
Q

Cholecystokinin stimulates the release of bile into the duodenum.

A

True

124
Q

Most gastric ulcers are caused by

A

H. pylori

125
Q

_______ is a respiratory disease marked by inflammation and hyperplasia of bronchial mucosa, goblet cell hypertrophy and hypersecretion, and thick sputum

A

chronic bronchitis

126
Q

Which of the following would lead to anemic hypoxia?

Sickle cell disease
Emphysema
Squamous cell carcinoma
Asthma

A

Sickle cell disease

127
Q

_______ is a lung disease marked by fibrotic lung tissue and loss of alveoli

A

emphysema

128
Q

The blood transports more CO2 in the form of _____ than in any other form

A

Bicarbonate ions

129
Q

One of the forces driving filtration OUT of the arterial end of the capillary is

A

Erythrocyte pressure

130
Q

Blood pooling in the lower extremities which cause tortuous external veins are known as:

A

Varicose veins

131
Q

All these can lead to edema except:

Obstruction of lymphatic vessels
Liver disease
Famine
A healthy diet

A

A healthy diet

132
Q

_______ have the thickest tunica media

A

large arteries

133
Q

Most blood is found in the ______ at any one point in time.

A

Veins

134
Q

Hypertension is commonly considered to be chronic resting blood pressure higher than

A

120/75

135
Q

_______ ______ binds to hemoglobin 210 more times than oxygen

A

carbon monoxide

136
Q

The devise used to measure rate and depth of breathing is

A

Spirometer

137
Q

Which of the following has the greatest influence on resistance to pulmonary airflow?

Peripheral vascular resistance
Respiratory rate
Bronchiole diameter
Auscultation meter

A

Respiratory rate

138
Q

A weak point in an artery can cause a/an

A

Aneurism

139
Q

The mechanisms involved in capillary exchange include

A

Diffusion and transcytosis

140
Q

The large artery carrying oxygenated blood in the system circuit is the

A

Aorta

141
Q

parietal cells secrete

A

HCL

142
Q

pepsinogen is produced by ____ _____, which are located in the _____ _____ of the stomach

A

chief cells, gastric crypts

143
Q

parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve mediate

A

peristalsis

144
Q

the liver processes

A

bile, drugs, and toxins

145
Q

lacteals of the small intestine absorb

A

lipids

146
Q

digestion of carbs begins

A

in the mouth

147
Q

digestion of protein begins

A

in the stomach

148
Q

the thyroid gland controls

A

hormone secretion in the body

149
Q

parathyroid glands secrete a hormone in response to

A

hypocalcemia

150
Q

glucagon, insulin and somatostatin is secreted by

A

the pancreas

151
Q

lack of iodine can lead to

A

hypothyroidism

152
Q

the endometrium is the site of

A

the attached uterus

153
Q

__________ is the female gamete process that begins at embryonic development

A

oogenesis

154
Q

LH reaches its maximum at

A

ovulation

155
Q

_____ is an immunoglobulin constitutes 80% of antibodies in the blood plasma

A

IGG

156
Q

hypersecretion of cortisol and hypertension is associated with

A

Cushing’s disease, results in moon face, buffalo hump

157
Q

__________ is associated with Graves’ disease

A

hyperthyroidism

158
Q

_________ from the _____ _____ is associated with Adisen’s disease

A

hyposecretion from the adrenal glands

159
Q

natural killer cells and killer-T cells are targeted by

A

HIV

160
Q

natural killer cells nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells in the process of

A

immune surveillance

161
Q

___ ______ shows involution or degeneration with age

A

the thymus

162
Q

________ are secreted by cells that get infected by viruses that protect neighbor cells

A

interferons

163
Q

_____, ______, ______, and ______ are the cardinal signs of inflammation

A

heat, redness, swelling and pain

164
Q

_________ are artificial active immunity

A

vaccinations

165
Q

The ________ is the first menstrual period

A

menarchy

166
Q

_____ _____ causes urinary dribbling, etc.

A

enlarged prostate

Western Medicine 502 (10 decks)

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