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Urinary Tract > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Primary male sex organ, paired oval shaped, and enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. produce spermatozoa (sperm cells) and testosterone

A

testis (testes)

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2
Q

approximately 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs

A

seminiferous tubules

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3
Q

the microscopic male germ cell, which, when united with the ovum, produces a zygote (fertilized egg) that with subsequent development becomes an embryo)

A

sperm

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4
Q

principle male sex hormone; chief function is to stimulate the development of the male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair

A

testosterone

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5
Q

coiled tube attached to each testis that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of sperm; continuous with each vas deferens

A

epididymis

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6
Q

duct (tube) carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. The spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens with nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins. The urethra also connects with the urinary bladder and carries urine outside the body. A circular muscle constricts during intercourse to prevent urination. (also called ductus deferens)

A

vas deferens

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7
Q

two accessory glands located posterior to the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens. The glands secrete a thick fluid that forms part of the semen.

A

seminal vesicles

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8
Q

walnut shaped gland that encirlces the proximal section of the urethra; secretes a thick fluid that forms part of the semen

A

prostate gland

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9
Q

composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions

A

semen

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10
Q

sac containing the testes and their corresponding epididymides, from which each vas deferens begins; suspended on both sides of and posterior to the penis

A

scrotum

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11
Q

male organ of urination and coitus

A

penis

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12
Q

enlarged tip on the end of the penis

A

glans penis

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13
Q

fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males (foreskin)

A

prepuce

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14
Q

reproductive organs (male or female); includes internal and external reproductive organs

A

genitalia; genitals

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15
Q

primary reproductive organs; tests in males and ovaries in females

A

gonads

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16
Q

andr/o

A

male

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17
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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18
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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19
Q

orch/o

A

testis/testicle

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20
Q

orchi/o

A

testis/testicle

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21
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland

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22
Q

sperm/o

A

sperm; spermatozoon

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23
Q

spermat/o

A

sperm/spermatozoon

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24
Q

vas/o

A

vessel/duct (vas deferens )

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25
Q

vesicul/o

A

seminal vesicles

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26
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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27
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

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28
Q

lith/o

A

stones/calculus

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29
Q

olig/o

A

scanty/few

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30
Q

a- ; an-

A

without, absent

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31
Q

hyper-

A

above/excess

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32
Q

-algia

A

pain

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33
Q

-ectomy

A

excision/surgical removal

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34
Q

-ia

A

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

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35
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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36
Q

-ism

A

state of

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37
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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38
Q

-tomy

A

cut into/ incision

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39
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

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40
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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41
Q

-plasia

A

condition of formation; development; growth

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42
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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43
Q

-rrhea

A

flow/discharge

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44
Q

-stomy

A

creation of aritificial opening

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45
Q

disease of the male (specific to the male)

A

andropathys

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46
Q

state of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral)

A

anorchism

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47
Q

inflammation of the glans penis

A

balanitis

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48
Q

discharge from the glans penis

A

balanorrhea

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49
Q

excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland; causes narrowing of urethra

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

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50
Q

state of hidden testis

A

cryptorchidism

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51
Q

inflammation of the epididymis

A

epididymitis

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52
Q

inflammation of the testis and the epididymis

A

orchiepididymitis

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53
Q

inflammation of the testis

A

orchitis/orchiditis

54
Q

inflammation of the prostate gland

A

prostatitis

55
Q

inflammation of the prostate gland and the urinary bladder

A

prostatocystitis

56
Q

stones in the prostate gland

A

prostatolith

57
Q

discharge from the prostate gland

A

prostatorrhea

58
Q

inflammation of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles

A

prostatovesiculitis

59
Q

inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse

A

erectile dysfunction/ impotence

60
Q

fluid filled sac around testicles; causes scrotal swelling

A

hydrocele

61
Q

reduced or absent ability to achieve pregnancy; generally defined after one year of frequent, unprotected sexual intercourse; may relate to male or female

A

infertility

62
Q

tightness of the prepuce that prevents its retraction over the glans penis, it may be congenital or a result of balanitis; circumcision is the usual treatment

A

phimosis

63
Q

persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness

A

priapism

64
Q

cancer of the prostate gland

A

prostate cancer

65
Q

distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst-like collection of fluid and sperm cells; may cause scrotal swelling

A

spermatocele

66
Q

cancer of testicles; usually occurring in men 15-35

A

testicular cancer

67
Q

twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and often presents with a sudden onset of severe testicular or scrotal pain; because of lack of blood flow to the testis, it is considered a surgical emergency

A

testicular torsion

68
Q

enlarged veins of the spermatic cord; may cause scrotal swelling

A

varicocele

69
Q

surgical repair of the glans penis

A

balanoplasty

70
Q

excision repair of the glans penis

A

epididymectomy

71
Q

excision of the testis (bilateral orchiectomy is called castration)

A

orchiopexy

72
Q

surgical repair of the testis

A

orchioplasty

73
Q

incision into the testis

A

orchidotomy/orchiotomy

74
Q

excision of the prostate gland

A

prostatectomy

75
Q

incision into the prostate gland and urinary bladder

A

prostatolithotomy

76
Q

excision of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles

A

prostatovesiculectomy

77
Q

excision of a duct (partial excision of vans deferens bilaterally, resulting in male sterilization

A

vasectomy

78
Q

creation of artificial openings between ducts (the severed ends of the vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)

A

vasovasostomy

79
Q

excision of the seminal vesicles

A

vesiculectomy

80
Q

destruction of abnormal or excessive tissue by melting, vaporizing, or eroding

A

ablation

81
Q

surgical removal of the prepuce; all or part of the foreskin may be removed

A

circumcision

82
Q

excision of a whole organ or mass without cutting into it

A

enucleation

83
Q

surgical removal of a fluid-filled sac around the testicle causing scrotal swelling (hydrocele)

A

hydrocelectomy

84
Q

use of a focused beam of light to excise or vaporize abnormal tissue and to control bleeding; uses a variety of non-invasive and minimally invasive procedures. Two common types of laser surgery used to treat BPH are holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland (HoLEP) and photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland (PVP)

A

laser surgery

85
Q

cutting or griding solid tissue into smaller pieces for removal

A

morcellation

86
Q

use of small surgical instruments attached to a computer and operated by the surgeon from a console several feet from the operating table

A

robotic surgery

87
Q

surgical procedure that prevents pregnancy, either the ability of the female to conceive or of the male to induce conception

A

sterilization

88
Q

surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland.no prostate tissue is removed. TUIP may be used instead of TURP when the prostate gland is less enlarged

A

transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)

89
Q

treatment to eliminates excess tissue present in benign prostatic hyperplasia by using heat generated by microwave

A

transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)

90
Q

surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using an instrument inserted through the urethra. the capsule is left intact; usually performed when the enlarged prostate gland interferes with urination

A

transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)

91
Q

combination of magnetic resonance imaging with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to obtain a tissue from a prostate lesion. Software merges an existing MR image with live ultrasound images. The combined, or fused, MRI-TRUS image is used to direct the biopsy needle into the area of the prostate that looks suspicious on MRI. (also called MRI-TRUS fusion, MR-ultrasound fusion, and fusion guided biopsy)

A

MRI ultrasound fusion biopsy

92
Q

magnetic resonance imaging procedure providing information of anatomic structure and physiology for the staging of prostate cancer. It uses a combination of different MRI modalities to better understand the size and extent of prostate tumors.

A

multiparametric MRI

93
Q

ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer. sound waves are sent and received by a transducer probe that is placed into the rectum

A

transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)

94
Q

blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. Elevated test results may indicate the presence of prostate cancer, urinary or prostatic infection, or excess prostate tissue, as found in benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis.

A

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

95
Q

microscopic observation of ejaculated semen, revealing the size structure, and movement of sperm; used to evaluate male infertility and to determine the effectiveness of a vasectomy (also called sperm count and sperm test)

A

semen analysis

96
Q

blood test to measure level of testosterone; used to detect multiple conditions in men and women, including fertility

A

total testosterone

97
Q

physical examination in which the healthcare provider inserts a gloved finger into the rectum and palpates the prostate through the rectal wall to determine the size, shape, and consistency of the gland; used to screen for BPH and prostate cancer. BPH usually presents as a uniform, nontender enlargement, whereas cancer usually presents as a stony hard nodule

A

digital rectal examination (DRE)

98
Q

condition of without sperm (characterized by absence of semen or ejaculation)

A

aspermia

99
Q

condition of scanty sperm

A

oligospermia

100
Q

pain in the testis

A

testalgia/orchialgia

101
Q

sexually transmitted infection, caused by the bacterium C. trachomatis; sometimes referred to as a silent STI because many people are not aware they have the disease. Symptoms that occur when the disease becomes serious are painful urination and discharge from the penis in men and genital itching, vaginal discharge, and bleeding between menstrual periods in women.

A

chlamydia

102
Q

sexually transmitted infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2

A

genital herpes

103
Q

sexually transmitted infection caused by a bacterial organism that inflames the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract

A

gonorrhea

104
Q

sexually transmitted infection caused by a retrovirus that infects T-helper cells of the immune system; may also be acquired in utero or transmitted through infected blood via needle sharing. Advanced HIV infection progresses to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

A

HIV/ human immunodeficiency virus

105
Q

sexually transmitted infection caused by viral infection; there are more than 40 types of HPV that cause benign or cancerous growths in male and female genitals (also called genital warts)

A

HPV/ human papillomavirus

106
Q

infection spread through sexual contact; STIs affect both males and females, causing damage to reproductive organs and potentially serious health consequences if left untreated (also called sexually transmitted disease [STD])

A

sexually transmitted infection (STI)

107
Q

infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Rapidly spreads throughout the body, and if untreated becomes systemic and can progress through three stages separated by latent periods. Usually sexually transmitted, but may be acquired in utero and by direct contact with infected skin.

A

syphilis

108
Q

sexually transmitted infection caused by a one-cell organism Trichomonas. It infects the genitourinary tract. Men may be asymptomatic or may develop urethritis, an enlarged prostate gland, or epididymitis. Women may have vaginal itching, dysuria, and vaginal or urethral discharge.

A

trichomoniasis

109
Q

introduction of washed and concentrated sperm into the female reproductive tract; used as a treatment for infertility

A

artificial insemination

110
Q

cover for the penis worn to prevent conception and the spread of sexually transmitted infections

A

condom

111
Q

an agent that destroys spermatozoa; used to prevent conception

A

spermicide

112
Q

lack of live sperm in the semen

A

azoospermia

113
Q

ejection of semen from the male urethra

A

ejaculation

114
Q

climax of sexual stimulation

A

orgasm

115
Q

period when secondary sex characteristics (such as pubic and armpit hair develop) develop and the ability to reproduce sexually begins

A

puberty

116
Q

bladder outlet obstruction

A

BOO

117
Q

lower urinary tract symptoms

A

LUTS

118
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

BPH

119
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

ED

120
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

HIV

121
Q

human papillomavirus

A

HPV

122
Q

sexually transmitted disease

A

STD

123
Q

sexually transmitted infection

A

STI

124
Q

digital rectal examination

A

DRE

125
Q

prostate specific antigen

A

PSA

126
Q

transrectal ultrasound

A

TRUS

127
Q

holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland

A

HoLEP

128
Q

photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland

A

PVP

129
Q

radical prostatectomy

A

RP

130
Q

transurethral incision of the prostate gland

A

TUIP

131
Q

transurethral microwave thermotherapy

A

TUMT

132
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate gland

A

TURP

Urinary Tract (2 decks)

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