chapter 6: urinary tract Flashcards
1
Q
one of two bean shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity covered anteriorly by the parietal peritoneum
- Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances
A
kidney
2
Q
urine-producing microscopic structure; approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney
A
nephron
3
Q
cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. the process of filtering the blood, thereby forming urine, begins here
- glomus = ball of thread
A
glomerulus
4
Q
funnel shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter
A
renal pelvis
5
Q
indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery, vein, and pelvis are located and the ureter leaves the kidney
A
hilum
6
Q
two slender tubes, approximately 10-13 inches long, that receive urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder
A
ureters
7
Q
lowest part of urinary tract through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
- narrow tube varies in length by sex: 1.5 in in females and 8in in males
- carries seminal fluid at the time of ejaculation
A
urethra
8
Q
opening through which urine passes through to outside
A
urinary meatus
9
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder/sac
10
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
11
Q
meat/o
A
meatus
12
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney
13
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
14
Q
ren/o
A
kidney
15
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
16
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
17
Q
vesic/o
A
bladder/sac
18
Q
albumin/o
A
albumin
19
Q
azot/o
A
urea/nitrogen
20
Q
blast/o
A
developing cell/ germ cell
21
Q
glycos/o
A
sugar
22
Q
hem/o
A
blood
23
Q
hydr/o
A
water
24
Q
lith/o
A
stones/calculus
25
noct/i
night
26
olig/o
scanty/few
27
son/o
sound
28
ur/o
urine/urinary tract
29
urin/o
urine/urinary tract
30
a- / an-
absense of/without
31
dys
abnormal, painful, difficult, labored
32
poly
many/much
33
trans
through, across/beyond
34
-al
pertaining to
35
-ary
pertaining to
36
-cele
hernia/protrusion
37
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
38
-emia
in the blood
39
-gram
the record, radiographic image
40
-ia
diseased of abnormal state, condition of
41
-iasis
condition
42
-itis
inflammation
43
-lith
stones/ calculus
44
-logist
one who studies/treats
45
-logy
study of
46
-lysis
loosening, dissolution, separating
47
-megaly
enlargement
48
-oma
tumor/swelling
49
-osis
abnormal condition
50
-pexy
surgical fixation
51
-plasty
surgical repair
52
-ptosis
drooping/sagging, prolapse
53
-scope
visual exam
54
-stomy
creation of artificial opening
55
-tomy
cut into/incision
56
-tripsy
surgical cushioning
57
-uria
urine/urination
58
inflammation of bladder
cystisis
59
protrusion of bladder
cystocele
60
stones in bladder
cystolith
61
inflammation of glomeruli of kidney
glomerulonephritis
62
abnormal condition of water in the kidney
hydronephrosis
63
inflammation of kidney
nephritis
64
kidney tumor; primarily always attacks children
nephroblastoma/wilms tumor
65
condition of stones in kidney
nephrolithiasis
66
tumor of kidney
nephroma
67
enlargement of kidney
nephromegaly
68
drooping kidney (also called floating kidney) occurs when kidney is no longer held in place and drops out of its normal position
nephroptosis
69
inflammation of renal pelvis
pyelitis
70
inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney
pyelonephritis
71
urine (urea nitrogen) in the blood (refers the presence of azotemia and a wide range of signs and symptoms associated with chronic kidney disease, including polyuria (excessive urination) polydipsia (excessive thirst), vomiting, and weight loss; associated with renal failure) also called uremic syndrome
uremia
72
inflammation of ureter
ureteritis
73
protrusion of ureter
ureterocele
74
condition of stones in ureter
ureterolithiasis
75
inflammation of urethra
urethritis
76
narrowing of ureter
ureterostenosis
77
inflammation of the urethra and the bladder
urethrocystitis
78
reflux pertaining to the bladder and ureter (condition which urine flows backward towards the kidneys; occur in up to 10% of children and some adults)
vesicoureteral reflux
79
abrupt decline in kidney function that occurs over horus to days and is usually reversible (also called acute renal failure (ARF)
acute kidney injury (AKI)
80
progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function (also called chronic renal failure (CRF)
chronic kidney disease/chronic renal disease
81
condition in which kidneys no longer function on their own, dialysis or kidney transplant is necessary for survival
End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
82
congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis
epispadias
83
congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis; females may also have a form where the urinary meatus is unusually located
hypospadias
84
condition in which the kidney contains many cysts causing progressive interference with the ability to form urine
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
85
stone in kidney
renal calculus
86
elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
renal hypertension
87
abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate
urinary retention
88
sudden stoppage of urine formation
urine suppression
89
infection of one or more organs of urinary tract
UTI
90
excision of bladder
cystectomy
91
incision into the bladder to remove stones
cystolithotomy
92
creation of an artificial opening in to the bladder (for urinary drainage) also called vesicostomy
systostomy
93
surgical crushing of stones using shock waves
lithotripsy
94
incision into the meatus (to enlarge it)
meatotomy
95
excision of kidney
nephrectomy
96
incision into the kidney to remove stones
nephrolithotomy
97
surgical cushioning of stones in the kidney using shock waves
nephrolithtripsy
98
separating of kidneys
nephrolysis
99
surgical fixation of the kidney
nephropexy
100
creation of an artificial opening to kidney
nephrostomy
101
incision into the renal pelvis to remove stones
pyelolithotomy
102
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
pyeloplasty
103
excision of ureter
ureterectomy
104
creation of artificial opening in ureter
ureterostomy
105
surgical repair of the urethra
urethroplasty
106
creation of an artificial opening into the urinary system
urostomy
107
suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra
vesicourethral suspension
108
noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stone(s) in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shock waves; stone fragments are eliminated from the body in urine
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
109
destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (a method commonly used to destroy bladder growths)
fulguration
110
surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function
renal transplant
111
instrument used for visual exam of bladder
cystoscope
112
visual exam of bladder
cystoscopy
113
visual exam of kidney
nephroscopy
114
visual exam of ureter
ureteroscopy
115
simple radiographic image of the abdomen; often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine their size, shape and location or to identify radiopaque calculi in these structures
KUB
116
test that measures amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea; an increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
117
blood test that measures the amount of waste product in the blood that comes from the normal wear and tear of muscles; an elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function
creatinine
118
test performed on a urine specimen to measure the conc or diluting ability of kidneys
specific gravity (SG)
119
multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen; visual exam and chemical analysis of a urine specimen provides screening for blood, glucose, proteins, ect.
urinalysis (UA)
120
test performed on a urine specimen to determine the presence of bacteria and yeast; used to diagnose urinary tract infections
urine culture and sensitivity
121
pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract; examine the process of voiding and tests bladder tone
urodynamics
122
albumin in the blood (important protein in blood) but when found in the urine, may indicate kidney disease; small amounts may be present in the absence of kidney disease
albuminuria
123
absence of urine (failure to produce)
anuria
124
nitrogen in the blood
azotemia
125
difficult or painful urination
dysuria
126
sugar (glucose) in urine
glycosuria
127
blood in urine
hematuria
128
night urination
nocturia
129
scanty urine
oliguria
130
excessive urine
polyuria
131
pus in urine
pyuria
132
physician who studies and treats diseases of kidney
nephrologist
133
study of kidney
nephrology
134
physician who studies and treats diseases of urinary tract
urologist
135
study of urinary tract
urology
136
pertaining to within the urinary bladder
intravesical
137
pertaining to meatus
meatal
138
pertaining to though the urethra
transurethral
139
pertaining to urine
urinary
140
involuntary urination: nocturnal enuresis: or bed wetting; diurnal enuresis: daytime wetting; may be caused by small bladder
enuresis
141
displacement of an organ or anatomic structure from normal position
ptosis/prolaspe
142
abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture
stricture
143
inability to control bladder causing leakage of urine
urinary incontinence
144
agent that promotes the formation and excretion of urine
diuretic
145
procedure removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so
hemodialysis (HD)
146
procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis
peritoneal dialysis
147
passage of catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine
urinary catheterization
148
flexible, tubelike device such as urinary catheter
catheter
149
receptacle for urine
urinal
150
distended
stretch out bladder (distended when full)
151
minerals in body, such as sodium and potassium, that can carry electrolyte charge
electrolyte
152
void or evacuate waste material, especially urine
void
153
acute kidney injury
AKI
154
acute renal failure
ARF
155
chronic kidney disease
CKD
156
chronic renal failure
CRF
157
end stage renal disease
ESRD
158
overactive bladder
OAB
159
polycystic kidney disease
PKD
160
urinary tract infection
UTI
161
vesicoureteral reflux
VUR
162
blood, urea, nitrogen
BUN
163
kidney ureter and bladder
KUB
164
specific gravity
SG
165
urinalysis
UA
166
voiding cystourethrography
VCUG
167
catheterization/catheter
cath
168
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
ESWL
169
hemodialysis
HD
