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Urinary Tract > chapter 6: urinary tract > Flashcards

chapter 6: urinary tract Flashcards

1
Q

one of two bean shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity covered anteriorly by the parietal peritoneum
- Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances

A

kidney

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2
Q

urine-producing microscopic structure; approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney

A

nephron

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3
Q

cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. the process of filtering the blood, thereby forming urine, begins here
- glomus = ball of thread

A

glomerulus

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4
Q

funnel shaped reservoir in the kidney that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter

A

renal pelvis

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5
Q

indentation on the medial side of the kidney where the renal artery, vein, and pelvis are located and the ureter leaves the kidney

A

hilum

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6
Q

two slender tubes, approximately 10-13 inches long, that receive urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder

A

ureters

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7
Q

lowest part of urinary tract through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
- narrow tube varies in length by sex: 1.5 in in females and 8in in males
- carries seminal fluid at the time of ejaculation

A

urethra

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8
Q

opening through which urine passes through to outside

A

urinary meatus

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9
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder/sac

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10
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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11
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

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12
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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13
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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14
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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15
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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16
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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17
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder/sac

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18
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin

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19
Q

azot/o

A

urea/nitrogen

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20
Q

blast/o

A

developing cell/ germ cell

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21
Q

glycos/o

A

sugar

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22
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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23
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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24
Q

lith/o

A

stones/calculus

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25
Q

noct/i

A

night

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26
Q

olig/o

A

scanty/few

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27
Q

son/o

A

sound

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28
Q

ur/o

A

urine/urinary tract

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29
Q

urin/o

A

urine/urinary tract

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30
Q

a- / an-

A

absense of/without

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31
Q

dys

A

abnormal, painful, difficult, labored

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32
Q

poly

A

many/much

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33
Q

trans

A

through, across/beyond

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34
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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35
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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36
Q

-cele

A

hernia/protrusion

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37
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

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38
Q

-emia

A

in the blood

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39
Q

-gram

A

the record, radiographic image

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40
Q

-ia

A

diseased of abnormal state, condition of

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41
Q

-iasis

A

condition

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42
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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43
Q

-lith

A

stones/ calculus

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44
Q

-logist

A

one who studies/treats

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45
Q

-logy

A

study of

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46
Q

-lysis

A

loosening, dissolution, separating

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47
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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48
Q

-oma

A

tumor/swelling

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49
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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50
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

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51
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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52
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping/sagging, prolapse

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53
Q

-scope

A

visual exam

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54
Q

-stomy

A

creation of artificial opening

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55
Q

-tomy

A

cut into/incision

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56
Q

-tripsy

A

surgical cushioning

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57
Q

-uria

A

urine/urination

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58
Q

inflammation of bladder

A

cystisis

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59
Q

protrusion of bladder

A

cystocele

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60
Q

stones in bladder

A

cystolith

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61
Q

inflammation of glomeruli of kidney

A

glomerulonephritis

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62
Q

abnormal condition of water in the kidney

A

hydronephrosis

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63
Q

inflammation of kidney

A

nephritis

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64
Q

kidney tumor; primarily always attacks children

A

nephroblastoma/wilms tumor

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65
Q

condition of stones in kidney

A

nephrolithiasis

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66
Q

tumor of kidney

A

nephroma

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67
Q

enlargement of kidney

A

nephromegaly

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68
Q

drooping kidney (also called floating kidney) occurs when kidney is no longer held in place and drops out of its normal position

A

nephroptosis

69
Q

inflammation of renal pelvis

A

pyelitis

70
Q

inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney

A

pyelonephritis

71
Q

urine (urea nitrogen) in the blood (refers the presence of azotemia and a wide range of signs and symptoms associated with chronic kidney disease, including polyuria (excessive urination) polydipsia (excessive thirst), vomiting, and weight loss; associated with renal failure) also called uremic syndrome

A

uremia

72
Q

inflammation of ureter

A

ureteritis

73
Q

protrusion of ureter

A

ureterocele

74
Q

condition of stones in ureter

A

ureterolithiasis

75
Q

inflammation of urethra

A

urethritis

76
Q

narrowing of ureter

A

ureterostenosis

77
Q

inflammation of the urethra and the bladder

A

urethrocystitis

78
Q

reflux pertaining to the bladder and ureter (condition which urine flows backward towards the kidneys; occur in up to 10% of children and some adults)

A

vesicoureteral reflux

79
Q

abrupt decline in kidney function that occurs over horus to days and is usually reversible (also called acute renal failure (ARF)

A

acute kidney injury (AKI)

80
Q

progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function (also called chronic renal failure (CRF)

A

chronic kidney disease/chronic renal disease

81
Q

condition in which kidneys no longer function on their own, dialysis or kidney transplant is necessary for survival

A

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

82
Q

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

A

epispadias

83
Q

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis; females may also have a form where the urinary meatus is unusually located

A

hypospadias

84
Q

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts causing progressive interference with the ability to form urine

A

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

85
Q

stone in kidney

A

renal calculus

86
Q

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

A

renal hypertension

87
Q

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

A

urinary retention

88
Q

sudden stoppage of urine formation

A

urine suppression

89
Q

infection of one or more organs of urinary tract

A

UTI

90
Q

excision of bladder

A

cystectomy

91
Q

incision into the bladder to remove stones

A

cystolithotomy

92
Q

creation of an artificial opening in to the bladder (for urinary drainage) also called vesicostomy

A

systostomy

93
Q

surgical crushing of stones using shock waves

A

lithotripsy

94
Q

incision into the meatus (to enlarge it)

A

meatotomy

95
Q

excision of kidney

A

nephrectomy

96
Q

incision into the kidney to remove stones

A

nephrolithotomy

97
Q

surgical cushioning of stones in the kidney using shock waves

A

nephrolithtripsy

98
Q

separating of kidneys

A

nephrolysis

99
Q

surgical fixation of the kidney

A

nephropexy

100
Q

creation of an artificial opening to kidney

A

nephrostomy

101
Q

incision into the renal pelvis to remove stones

A

pyelolithotomy

102
Q

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

A

pyeloplasty

103
Q

excision of ureter

A

ureterectomy

104
Q

creation of artificial opening in ureter

A

ureterostomy

105
Q

surgical repair of the urethra

A

urethroplasty

106
Q

creation of an artificial opening into the urinary system

A

urostomy

107
Q

suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra

A

vesicourethral suspension

108
Q

noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stone(s) in the kidney or ureter by administration of repeated shock waves; stone fragments are eliminated from the body in urine

A

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

109
Q

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (a method commonly used to destroy bladder growths)

A

fulguration

110
Q

surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

A

renal transplant

111
Q

instrument used for visual exam of bladder

A

cystoscope

112
Q

visual exam of bladder

A

cystoscopy

113
Q

visual exam of kidney

A

nephroscopy

114
Q

visual exam of ureter

A

ureteroscopy

115
Q

simple radiographic image of the abdomen; often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine their size, shape and location or to identify radiopaque calculi in these structures

A

KUB

116
Q

test that measures amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea; an increased BUN detects an abnormality in renal function

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

117
Q

blood test that measures the amount of waste product in the blood that comes from the normal wear and tear of muscles; an elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function

A

creatinine

118
Q

test performed on a urine specimen to measure the conc or diluting ability of kidneys

A

specific gravity (SG)

119
Q

multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen; visual exam and chemical analysis of a urine specimen provides screening for blood, glucose, proteins, ect.

A

urinalysis (UA)

120
Q

test performed on a urine specimen to determine the presence of bacteria and yeast; used to diagnose urinary tract infections

A

urine culture and sensitivity

121
Q

pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract; examine the process of voiding and tests bladder tone

A

urodynamics

122
Q

albumin in the blood (important protein in blood) but when found in the urine, may indicate kidney disease; small amounts may be present in the absence of kidney disease

A

albuminuria

123
Q

absence of urine (failure to produce)

A

anuria

124
Q

nitrogen in the blood

A

azotemia

125
Q

difficult or painful urination

A

dysuria

126
Q

sugar (glucose) in urine

A

glycosuria

127
Q

blood in urine

A

hematuria

128
Q

night urination

A

nocturia

129
Q

scanty urine

A

oliguria

130
Q

excessive urine

A

polyuria

131
Q

pus in urine

A

pyuria

132
Q

physician who studies and treats diseases of kidney

A

nephrologist

133
Q

study of kidney

A

nephrology

134
Q

physician who studies and treats diseases of urinary tract

A

urologist

135
Q

study of urinary tract

A

urology

136
Q

pertaining to within the urinary bladder

A

intravesical

137
Q

pertaining to meatus

A

meatal

138
Q

pertaining to though the urethra

A

transurethral

139
Q

pertaining to urine

A

urinary

140
Q

involuntary urination: nocturnal enuresis: or bed wetting; diurnal enuresis: daytime wetting; may be caused by small bladder

A

enuresis

141
Q

displacement of an organ or anatomic structure from normal position

A

ptosis/prolaspe

142
Q

abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture

A

stricture

143
Q

inability to control bladder causing leakage of urine

A

urinary incontinence

144
Q

agent that promotes the formation and excretion of urine

A

diuretic

145
Q

procedure removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

A

hemodialysis (HD)

146
Q

procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so; the peritoneal cavity is used as the receptacle for the fluid used in the dialysis

A

peritoneal dialysis

147
Q

passage of catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine

A

urinary catheterization

148
Q

flexible, tubelike device such as urinary catheter

A

catheter

149
Q

receptacle for urine

A

urinal

150
Q

distended

A

stretch out bladder (distended when full)

151
Q

minerals in body, such as sodium and potassium, that can carry electrolyte charge

A

electrolyte

152
Q

void or evacuate waste material, especially urine

A

void

153
Q

acute kidney injury

A

AKI

154
Q

acute renal failure

A

ARF

155
Q

chronic kidney disease

A

CKD

156
Q

chronic renal failure

A

CRF

157
Q

end stage renal disease

A

ESRD

158
Q

overactive bladder

A

OAB

159
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

PKD

160
Q

urinary tract infection

A

UTI

161
Q

vesicoureteral reflux

A

VUR

162
Q

blood, urea, nitrogen

A

BUN

163
Q

kidney ureter and bladder

A

KUB

164
Q

specific gravity

A

SG

165
Q

urinalysis

A

UA

166
Q

voiding cystourethrography

A

VCUG

167
Q

catheterization/catheter

A

cath

168
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

A

ESWL

169
Q

hemodialysis

A

HD

Urinary Tract (2 decks)

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