Intro to Medical Term Flashcards

1
Q

terms derived from the name of a person or place. NOT BUILT FROM WORD PART

A

eponyms

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2
Q

terms formed from the first letters of a phrase that can be spoken as a whole word and usually contains a vowel. NOT BUILT FROM WORD PART

A

acronym

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3
Q

Word parts of Greek and Latin origin placed together to form terms that can be translated literally to find their meanings

A

term built from word parts

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4
Q

basic unit of all living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells, which vary in size and shape according to function.

A

cell

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5
Q

forms boundary of the cell

A

cell membrane

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6
Q

gel-like fluid inside cell

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

largest structure within the cell, usually spherical and centrally located. It contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction and is the control center for cellular activity.

A

nucleus

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8
Q

located in the nucleus of the cell. There are 46 chromosomes in all normal human cells, with the exception of mature sex cells, which have 23.

A

chromosomes

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9
Q

regions within the chromosome. Each chromosome has several thousand genes that determine hereditary characteristics.

A

genes

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10
Q

comprises each gene; is a genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell. DNA abbreviates deoxyribonucleic acid.

A

DNA

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11
Q

group of similar cells that performs a specific function

A

tissue

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12
Q

composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement

A

muscle tissue

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13
Q

similarly specialized cells united in the performance of a particular function; found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities.

A

nervous tissue

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14
Q

connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures. Adipose (fat), osseous (bone) tissues, and blood are types of connective tissue. Fibrous tissue is a type of connective tissue that provides strength and stability such as in ligaments and tendons.

A

connective tissue

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15
Q

the major covering of the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs; and is the major tissue in glands. Glandular tissue is designed to secrete substances such as digestive enzymes.

A

epithelial tissue

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16
Q

two or more types of tissues that together perform special body functions. For example, the skin is an organ composed of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

A

organ

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17
Q

large internal organs contained in the body cavities, especially in the abdominal cavity

A

viscera

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18
Q

group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions. For example, the cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its function is to transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

A

system

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19
Q

Composed of skin, nails, and glands. Forms a protective covering for the body, regulates body temperature, and helps manufacture vitamin D.

A

integumentary system

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20
Q

Composed of nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, and lungs. Performs respiration, which provides for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body.

A

respiratory system

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21
Q

Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waste material (urine) from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration.

A

urinary system

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22
Q

Female reproductive system is composed of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. Male reproductive system is composed of testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, and associated tubes. Responsible for heredity and reproduction.

A

reproductive system

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23
Q

Composed of the heart and blood vessels. Pumps and transports blood throughout the body.

A

cardiovascular system

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24
Q

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides for defense against infection and drainage of extracellular fluid.

A

lymphatic/immune system

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25
Composed of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus, plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste.
digestive system
26
Composed of muscle, bones, and joints. Provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs such as the brain, stores calcium, and produces red blood cells.
musculoskeletal system
27
Composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs. Regulates specific body activities by sending and receiving messages. Sensory organs, such as the eye and ear, are also part of the nervous system.
nervous system
28
Composed of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones regulate many specific body activities.
endocrine system
29
space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain
cranial cavity
30
space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord
spinal cavity
31
space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and mediastinal area
thoracic cavity
32
space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters
abdominal cavity
33
space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestine, and the anus
pelvic cavity
34
both pelvic and abdominal cavities
abdominopelvic cavity
35
aden/o
gland
36
cyt/o
cell
37
epitheli/o
epithelium
38
fibr/o
fiber
39
hemat/o
blood
40
hist/o
tissue
41
lip/o
fat
42
my/o
muscle
43
neur/o
nerve
44
organ/o
organ
45
sarc/o
flesh/connective tissue
46
system/o
system
47
viscer/o
internal organs
48
aut/o
self
49
bi/o
life
50
cancer/o
cancer
51
carcin/o
cancer
52
crypt/o
hidden
53
necr/o
death
54
eti/o
cause (of disease)
55
gno/o
knowledge
56
iatr/o
physician, medicine
57
lei/o
smooth
58
onc/o
tumor/mass
59
path/o
disease
60
rhabd/o
rod-shaped, striated
61
somat/o
body
62
vir/o
virus
63
cyan/o
blue
64
erythr/o
red
65
leuk/o
white
66
melan/o
black
67
xanth/o
yellow
68
dia
through/complete
69
dys-
painful, abnormal, difficult, labored
70
hyper-
above/excessive
71
hypo-
below/incomplete deficient/under
72
meta-
after, beyond/change
73
mirco-
small
74
neo-
new
75
pro-
before
76
-al, -ic
pertaining to
77
-cyte
cell
78
-gen
substance or agent that produces or causes
79
-genic
producing, originating, causing
80
-logist
one who studies and treats
81
-logy
study of
82
-megaly
enlargement
83
-oid
resembling
84
-oma
tumor/swelling
85
-opsy
view of/ viewing
86
-osis
abnormal condition
87
-pathy
disease
88
-plasia
condition of formation/development / growth
89
-sarcoma
malignant tumor
90
-sis
state of
91
-stasis
control/stop/standing
92
producing cells
cytogenic
93
study of cells
cytology
94
abnormal development
dysplasia
95
pertaining to epithelium
epithelial
96
red (blood) cell
erythrocyte
97
increase in the number of red (blood) cells
erythrocytosis
98
study of tissue
histology
99
excessive development (number of cells)
hyperplasia
100
incomplete development (of an organ or tissues)
hypoplasia
101
white (blood) cell
leukocyte
102
increase in the number of white (blood) cells
leukocytosis
103
resembling fat
lipoid
104
disease of the muscle
myopathy
105
condition of cell death (cells and tissue die because of disease)
necrosis
106
disease of the nerves
neuropathy
107
enlargement of an organ
organomegaly
108
pertaining to the body
somatic
109
originating in the body (organic as opposed to originating in the mind)
somatogenic
110
pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole)
systemic
111
pertaining to the internal organs
visceral
112
not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery
benign
113
treatment of cancer with biological response modifiers (BRM) that work with the immune system (also called biotherapy or immunotherapy)
biological therapy
114
cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue
carcinoma in situ
115
treatment of cancer with drugs
chemotherapy (chemo)
116
enclosed within a capsule, as with benign or malignant tumors that have not spread beyond the capsule of the organ in which it originated
encapsulated
117
provides palliative or supportive care for terminally ill patients and their families. Usually offered to those who have a prognosis of approximately 6 months or less, when curative forms of treatment are no longer possible or desired. A team-based approach delivers care in a variety of settings, most often in the patient"s home.
hospice
118
tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer
malignant
119
120
providing relief but not cure. Symptom management is provided to relieve suffering in all stages of disease, and is not limited to care at the end of life. It can be given with curative or life-prolonging treatment, or with end-of-life (hospice) care. While hospice care includes palliative care, not all of palliative care is hospice care.
palliative
121
treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation (also called radiation oncology and radiotherapy)
radiation therapy (XRT)
122
improvement or absence of signs of disease
remission
123
a cancer treatment that precedes other treatment, such as administering chemotherapy or radiation therapy to a patient before surgery.
neoadjuvant therapy
124
the use of chemotherapy after or in combination with another form of cancer treatment such as administering chemotherapy after surgery or with radiation therapy.
adjuvant chemotherapy
125
the use of radiotherapy, where the source of radiation is placed within or close to the area being treated, such as implantation of radiation sources into the breast to treat cancer (as shown in the illustration).
brachytherapy
126
the treatment of cancer with the use of man-made biological response modifiers (BRM) that occur naturally in the body. They alter the immune system’s interaction with cancer cells to restore, direct, or boost the body’s ability to fight disease. For example, an agent called rituximab (Rituxan), a monoclonal antibody, is used to treat some lymphomas. Other biological agents are thalidomide, which is used to treat multiple myeloma, and interferon, which is used in the treatment of lymphomas.
biological therapy
127
view of self (postmortem examination to determine the cause of death or obtain evidence)
autopsy
128
view of life (the removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under the microscope)
biopsy
129
study of (changes in) cells in disease
cytopathology
130
study of blood (branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the blood)
hematology
131
study of tissue in disease (study of tissue samples taken from patients)
histopathology
132
study of small life (study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites)
microbiology
133
study of viruses (branch of microbiology that is concerned with viruses and viral diseases)
virology
134
a series of tests performed on a blood sample that give information regarding multiple systems including the kidneys, liver, and lungs; these also provide glucose and protein levels. (also called comprehensive metabolic panel)
chemistry panel
135
laboratory test for basic blood screening that measures various aspects of erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets); this automated test quickly provides a tremendous amount of information about the blood.
complete blood count with differential
136
test performed on a sample to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The specimen is placed on a medium for growth (culture) and if pathogenic bacteria grow, is then tested for antibiotic sensitivity to identify an antibiotic that will provide the most effective treatment. C&S is used to identify the pathogen present and causing the infection.
culture and sensitivity
137
examines DNA, the chemical database that carries instructions for the body"s functions; can reveal changes in genes that may cause illness or disease.
genetic testing
138
sample of blood, urine, or body tissue that is taken for medical testing (also called collection sample)
specimen
139
abnormal condition of blue (bluish discoloration, especially of the skin, caused by inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood)
cyanosis
140
abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)
xanthosis
141
physician who studies and treats (malignant) tumors
oncologist
142
study of tumors (a branch of medicine concerned with the study of malignant tumors)
oncology
143
physician who studies diseases (examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine the cause of disease or death)
pathologist
144
study of disease (a branch of medicine dealing with the study of the causes of disease and death)
pathology
145
pertaining to cancer
cancerous
146
substance that causes cancer
carcinogen
147
producing cancer
carcinogenic
148
resembling cancer
carcinoid
149
state of complete knowledge (the art of identifying a disease based on the patient’s signs, symptoms, and test results)
diagnosis
150
study of causes (of diseases)
etiology
151
produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician)
iatrogenic
152
causing tumors
oncogenic
153
producing disease
pathogenic
154
state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease based on the patient’s signs, symptoms, and test results)
prognosis
155
without fever
afebrile
156
redness
erythema
157
having a fever
febrile
158
localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
inflammation
159
localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain
exacerbation
160
pertaining to disease of unknown origin
idiopathic
161
state of being diseased; incidence of illness in a population
morbidity
162
state of being mortal (death); incidence of the number of deaths in a population
morality
163
single-celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue
bacteria
164
organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surroundings and may cause infection by invading body tissue; single-celled fungi (yeast) reproduce by budding; multi-celled fungi (mold) reproduce by spore formation
fungus
165
invasion of pathogens in body tissue. Types of infection include bacterial, viral, and fungal. An acute infection may remain localized if the body’s defense mechanisms are effective or may persist to become subacute or chronic. A systemic infection occurs when the pathogen causing a local infection gains access to the vascular or lymphatic system and becomes disseminated throughout the body.
infection
166
a form of life that is too small to be seen without a microscope; includes bacteria, fungi, and viruses
microorganism
167
minute microorganism, much smaller than a bacterium, characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the ability to replicate only within living host cells; these may cause infection by invading body tissue.
virus
168
RBC
red blood cell
169
WBC
white blood cell
170
CA
carcinoma
171
METS
metastases
172
Bx
biopsy
173
CBC with diff
complete blood count with differential
174
C&S
culture and sensitivity
175
chemo
chemotherapy
176
XRT
radiation therapy
177
Dx
diagnosis
178
Px
prognosis
179