Intro to Medical Term

Question 1

terms derived from the name of a person or place. NOT BUILT FROM WORD PART

Answer 1

eponyms

Question 2

terms formed from the first letters of a phrase that can be spoken as a whole word and usually contains a vowel. NOT BUILT FROM WORD PART

Answer 2

acronym

Question 3

Word parts of Greek and Latin origin placed together to form terms that can be translated literally to find their meanings

Answer 3

term built from word parts

Question 4

basic unit of all living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells, which vary in size and shape according to function.

Answer 4

cell

Question 5

forms boundary of the cell

Answer 5

cell membrane

Question 6

gel-like fluid inside cell

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

largest structure within the cell, usually spherical and centrally located. It contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction and is the control center for cellular activity.

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

located in the nucleus of the cell. There are 46 chromosomes in all normal human cells, with the exception of mature sex cells, which have 23.

Answer 8

chromosomes

Question 9

regions within the chromosome. Each chromosome has several thousand genes that determine hereditary characteristics.

Answer 9

genes

Question 10

comprises each gene; is a genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell. DNA abbreviates deoxyribonucleic acid.

Answer 10

DNA

Question 11

group of similar cells that performs a specific function

Answer 11

tissue

Question 12

composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement

Answer 12

muscle tissue

Question 13

similarly specialized cells united in the performance of a particular function; found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities.

Answer 13

nervous tissue

Question 14

connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures. Adipose (fat), osseous (bone) tissues, and blood are types of connective tissue. Fibrous tissue is a type of connective tissue that provides strength and stability such as in ligaments and tendons.

Answer 14

connective tissue

Question 15

the major covering of the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs; and is the major tissue in glands. Glandular tissue is designed to secrete substances such as digestive enzymes.

Answer 15

epithelial tissue

Question 16

two or more types of tissues that together perform special body functions. For example, the skin is an organ composed of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

Answer 16

organ

Question 17

large internal organs contained in the body cavities, especially in the abdominal cavity

Answer 17

viscera

Question 18

group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions. For example, the cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Its function is to transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

Answer 18

system

Question 19

Composed of skin, nails, and glands. Forms a protective covering for the body, regulates body temperature, and helps manufacture vitamin D.

Answer 19

integumentary system

Question 20

Composed of nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, and lungs. Performs respiration, which provides for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body.

Answer 20

respiratory system

Question 21

Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waste material (urine) from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration.

Answer 21

urinary system

Question 22

Female reproductive system is composed of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. Male reproductive system is composed of testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, and associated tubes. Responsible for heredity and reproduction.

Answer 22

reproductive system

Question 23

Composed of the heart and blood vessels. Pumps and transports blood throughout the body.

Answer 23

cardiovascular system

Question 24

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides for defense against infection and drainage of extracellular fluid.

Answer 24

lymphatic/immune system

Question 25

Composed of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus, plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste.

Answer 25

digestive system

Question 26

Composed of muscle, bones, and joints. Provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs such as the brain, stores calcium, and produces red blood cells.

Answer 26

musculoskeletal system

Question 27

Composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs. Regulates specific body activities by sending and receiving messages. Sensory organs, such as the eye and ear, are also part of the nervous system.

Answer 27

nervous system

Question 28

Composed of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones regulate many specific body activities.

Answer 28

endocrine system

Question 29

space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain

Answer 29

cranial cavity

Question 30

space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

Answer 30

spinal cavity

Question 31

space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and mediastinal area

Answer 31

thoracic cavity

Question 32

space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters

Answer 32

abdominal cavity

Question 33

space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestine, and the anus

Answer 33

pelvic cavity

Question 34

both pelvic and abdominal cavities

Answer 34

abdominopelvic cavity

Question 35

aden/o

Answer 35

gland

Question 36

cyt/o

Answer 36

cell

Question 37

epitheli/o

Answer 37

epithelium

Question 38

fibr/o

Answer 38

fiber

Question 39

hemat/o

Answer 39

blood

Question 40

hist/o

Answer 40

tissue

Question 41

lip/o

Answer 41

fat

Question 42

my/o

Answer 42

muscle

Question 43

neur/o

Answer 43

nerve

Question 44

organ/o

Answer 44

organ

Question 45

sarc/o

Answer 45

flesh/connective tissue

Question 46

system/o

Answer 46

system

Question 47

viscer/o

Answer 47

internal organs

Question 48

aut/o

Answer 48

self

Question 49

bi/o

Answer 49

life

Question 50

cancer/o

Answer 50

cancer

Question 51

carcin/o

Answer 51

cancer

Question 52

crypt/o

Answer 52

hidden

Question 53

necr/o

Answer 53

death

Question 54

eti/o

Answer 54

cause (of disease)

Question 55

gno/o

Answer 55

knowledge

Question 56

iatr/o

Answer 56

physician, medicine

Question 57

lei/o

Answer 57

smooth

Question 58

onc/o

Answer 58

tumor/mass

Question 59

path/o

Answer 59

disease

Question 60

rhabd/o

Answer 60

rod-shaped, striated

Question 61

somat/o

Answer 61

body

Question 62

vir/o

Answer 62

virus

Question 63

cyan/o

Answer 63

blue

Question 64

erythr/o

Answer 64

red

Question 65

leuk/o

Answer 65

white

Question 66

melan/o

Answer 66

black

Question 67

xanth/o

Answer 67

yellow

Question 68

dia

Answer 68

through/complete

Question 69

dys-

Answer 69

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

Question 70

hyper-

Answer 70

above/excessive

Question 71

hypo-

Answer 71

below/incomplete deficient/under

Question 72

meta-

Answer 72

after, beyond/change

Question 73

mirco-

Answer 73

small

Question 74

neo-

Answer 74

new

Question 75

pro-

Answer 75

before

Question 76

-al, -ic

Answer 76

pertaining to

Question 77

-cyte

Answer 77

cell

Question 78

-gen

Answer 78

substance or agent that produces or causes

Question 79

-genic

Answer 79

producing, originating, causing

Question 80

-logist

Answer 80

one who studies and treats

Question 81

-logy

Answer 81

study of

Question 82

-megaly

Answer 82

enlargement

Question 83

-oid

Answer 83

resembling

Question 84

-oma

Answer 84

tumor/swelling

Question 85

-opsy

Answer 85

view of/ viewing

Question 86

-osis

Answer 86

abnormal condition

Question 87

-pathy

Answer 87

disease

Question 88

-plasia

Answer 88

condition of formation/development / growth

Question 89

-sarcoma

Answer 89

malignant tumor

Question 90

-sis

Answer 90

state of

Question 91

-stasis

Answer 91

control/stop/standing

Question 92

producing cells

Answer 92

cytogenic

Question 93

study of cells

Answer 93

cytology

Question 94

abnormal development

Answer 94

dysplasia

Question 95

pertaining to epithelium

Answer 95

epithelial

Question 96

red (blood) cell

Answer 96

erythrocyte

Question 97

increase in the number of red (blood) cells

Answer 97

erythrocytosis

Question 98

study of tissue

Answer 98

histology

Question 99

excessive development (number of cells)

Answer 99

hyperplasia

Question 100

incomplete development (of an organ or tissues)

Answer 100

hypoplasia

Question 101

white (blood) cell

Answer 101

leukocyte

Question 102

increase in the number of white (blood) cells

Answer 102

leukocytosis

Question 103

resembling fat

Answer 103

lipoid

Question 104

disease of the muscle

Answer 104

myopathy

Question 105

condition of cell death (cells and tissue die because of disease)

Answer 105

necrosis

Question 106

disease of the nerves

Answer 106

neuropathy

Question 107

enlargement of an organ

Answer 107

organomegaly

Question 108

pertaining to the body

Answer 108

somatic

Question 109

originating in the body (organic as opposed to originating in the mind)

Answer 109

somatogenic

Question 110

pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole)

Answer 110

systemic

Question 111

pertaining to the internal organs

Answer 111

visceral

Question 112

not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery

Answer 112

benign

Question 113

treatment of cancer with biological response modifiers (BRM) that work with the immune system (also called biotherapy or immunotherapy)

Answer 113

biological therapy

Question 114

cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue

Answer 114

carcinoma in situ

Question 115

treatment of cancer with drugs

Answer 115

chemotherapy (chemo)

Question 116

enclosed within a capsule, as with benign or malignant tumors that have not spread beyond the capsule of the organ in which it originated

Answer 116

encapsulated

Question 117

provides palliative or supportive care for terminally ill patients and their families. Usually offered to those who have a prognosis of approximately 6 months or less, when curative forms of treatment are no longer possible or desired. A team-based approach delivers care in a variety of settings, most often in the patient”s home.

Answer 117

hospice

Question 118

tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer

Answer 118

malignant

Question 120

providing relief but not cure. Symptom management is provided to relieve suffering in all stages of disease, and is not limited to care at the end of life. It can be given with curative or life-prolonging treatment, or with end-of-life (hospice) care. While hospice care includes palliative care, not all of palliative care is hospice care.

Answer 120

palliative

Question 121

treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation (also called radiation oncology and radiotherapy)

Answer 121

radiation therapy (XRT)

Question 122

improvement or absence of signs of disease

Answer 122

remission

Question 123

a cancer treatment that precedes other treatment, such as administering chemotherapy or radiation therapy to a patient before surgery.

Answer 123

neoadjuvant therapy

Question 124

the use of chemotherapy after or in combination with another form of cancer treatment such as administering chemotherapy after surgery or with radiation therapy.

Answer 124

adjuvant chemotherapy

Question 125

the use of radiotherapy, where the source of radiation is placed within or close to the area being treated, such as implantation of radiation sources into the breast to treat cancer (as shown in the illustration).

Answer 125

brachytherapy

Question 126

the treatment of cancer with the use of man-made biological response modifiers (BRM) that occur naturally in the body. They alter the immune system’s interaction with cancer cells to restore, direct, or boost the body’s ability to fight disease. For example, an agent called rituximab (Rituxan), a monoclonal antibody, is used to treat some lymphomas. Other biological agents are thalidomide, which is used to treat multiple myeloma, and interferon, which is used in the treatment of lymphomas.

Answer 126

biological therapy

Question 127

view of self (postmortem examination to determine the cause of death or obtain evidence)

Answer 127

autopsy

Question 128

view of life (the removal of living tissue from the body to be viewed under the microscope)

Answer 128

biopsy

Question 129

study of (changes in) cells in disease

Answer 129

cytopathology

Question 130

study of blood (branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the blood)

Answer 130

hematology

Question 131

study of tissue in disease (study of tissue samples taken from patients)

Answer 131

histopathology

Question 132

study of small life (study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites)

Answer 132

microbiology

Question 133

study of viruses (branch of microbiology that is concerned with viruses and viral diseases)

Answer 133

virology

Question 134

a series of tests performed on a blood sample that give information regarding multiple systems including the kidneys, liver, and lungs; these also provide glucose and protein levels. (also called comprehensive metabolic panel)

Answer 134

chemistry panel

Question 135

laboratory test for basic blood screening that measures various aspects of erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets); this automated test quickly provides a tremendous amount of information about the blood.

Answer 135

complete blood count with differential

Question 136

test performed on a sample to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria. The specimen is placed on a medium for growth (culture) and if pathogenic bacteria grow, is then tested for antibiotic sensitivity to identify an antibiotic that will provide the most effective treatment. C&S is used to identify the pathogen present and causing the infection.

Answer 136

culture and sensitivity

Question 137

examines DNA, the chemical database that carries instructions for the body”s functions; can reveal changes in genes that may cause illness or disease.

Answer 137

genetic testing

Question 138

sample of blood, urine, or body tissue that is taken for medical testing (also called collection sample)

Answer 138

specimen

Question 139

abnormal condition of blue (bluish discoloration, especially of the skin, caused by inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood)

Answer 139

cyanosis

Question 140

abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)

Answer 140

xanthosis

Question 141

physician who studies and treats (malignant) tumors

Answer 141

oncologist

Question 142

study of tumors (a branch of medicine concerned with the study of malignant tumors)

Answer 142

oncology

Question 143

physician who studies diseases (examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine the cause of disease or death)

Answer 143

pathologist

Question 144

study of disease (a branch of medicine dealing with the study of the causes of disease and death)

Answer 144

pathology

Question 145

pertaining to cancer

Answer 145

cancerous

Question 146

substance that causes cancer

Answer 146

carcinogen

Question 147

producing cancer

Answer 147

carcinogenic

Question 148

resembling cancer

Answer 148

carcinoid

Question 149

state of complete knowledge (the art of identifying a disease based on the patient’s signs, symptoms, and test results)

Answer 149

diagnosis

Question 150

study of causes (of diseases)

Answer 150

etiology

Question 151

produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician)

Answer 151

iatrogenic

Question 152

causing tumors

Answer 152

oncogenic

Question 153

producing disease

Answer 153

pathogenic

Question 154

state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease based on the patient’s signs, symptoms, and test results)

Answer 154

prognosis

Question 155

without fever

Answer 155

afebrile

Question 156

redness

Answer 156

erythema

Question 157

having a fever

Answer 157

febrile

Question 158

localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain

Answer 158

inflammation

Question 159

localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain

Answer 159

exacerbation

Question 160

pertaining to disease of unknown origin

Answer 160

idiopathic

Question 161

state of being diseased; incidence of illness in a population

Answer 161

morbidity

Question 162

state of being mortal (death); incidence of the number of deaths in a population

Answer 162

morality

Question 163

single-celled microorganisms that reproduce by cell division and may cause infection by invading body tissue

Answer 163

bacteria

Question 164

organism that feeds by absorbing organic molecules from its surroundings and may cause infection by invading body tissue; single-celled fungi (yeast) reproduce by budding; multi-celled fungi (mold) reproduce by spore formation

Answer 164

fungus

Question 165

invasion of pathogens in body tissue. Types of infection include bacterial, viral, and fungal. An acute infection may remain localized if the body’s defense mechanisms are effective or may persist to become subacute or chronic. A systemic infection occurs when the pathogen causing a local infection gains access to the vascular or lymphatic system and becomes disseminated throughout the body.

Answer 165

infection

Question 166

a form of life that is too small to be seen without a microscope; includes bacteria, fungi, and viruses

Answer 166

microorganism

Question 167

minute microorganism, much smaller than a bacterium, characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the ability to replicate only within living host cells; these may cause infection by invading body tissue.

Answer 167

virus

Question 168

RBC

Answer 168

red blood cell

Question 169

WBC

Answer 169

white blood cell

Question 170

CA

Answer 170

carcinoma

Question 171

METS

Answer 171

metastases

Question 172

Bx

Answer 172

biopsy

Question 173

CBC with diff

Answer 173

complete blood count with differential

Question 174

C&S

Answer 174

culture and sensitivity

Question 175

chemo

Answer 175

chemotherapy

Question 176

XRT

Answer 176

radiation therapy

Question 177

Dx

Answer 177

diagnosis

Question 178

Px

Answer 178

prognosis