Integumentary System Flashcards
organ covering the body; made up of layers (also called cutaneous membrane)
skin
outer layer of skin; protects the body from the external environment
epidermis
scleroprotein component of the horny, or cornified, layer of the epidermis. Also, the primary component of the hair and nails
keratin
dark pigment produced by melanocytes; amount present determines skin color
melanin
compressed, keratinized cells that arise from hair follicles, the sacs that enclose the hair fibers
hair
horny plates made from flattened epithelial cells; found on the dorsal surface of the ends of the fingers and toes
nails
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
sebaceous glands
tiny, coiled, tubular structures that emerge through pores on the skin’s surface and secrete sweat (also called sweat glands)
sudoriferous glands
inner layer of skin; responsible for its flexibility and mechanical strength
dermis
layer between the dermis and the underlying tissues and organs; contains adipose tissue (fat), connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels (also called subcutaneous layer)
hypodermis
cutane/o; derm/o; dermat/o
skin
hidr/o
sweat
kerat/o
horny tissue; hard
onych/o; ungu/o
nail
seb/o
sebum
trich/o
hair
aden/o
gland
crypt/o
hidden
erythr/o
red
leuk/o
white
myc/o
fungus
pachy/o
thick
rhytid/o
wrinkles
scler/o
hard
staphyl/o
grapelike clusters
strept/o
twisted chains
xanth/o
yellow
xer/o
dry; dryness
epi-
on, upon, over
hyper-
above
hypo-
below
intra-
within
para
besides, beyond, around, abnormal
sub-
under/below
trans-
through, across, beyond
-al; -ic; -ous
pertaining to
-coccus
berry shaped
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
-genic
producing, originating, causing
-ia
diseased or abnormal state, condition of
-itis
inflammation
-logist
one who studies and treats
-logy
study of
-malacia
softening
-oma
tumor/swelling
-osis
abnormal condition
-phagia
eating/swallowing
-plasty
surgical repair
-rrhea
flow/discharge
inflammation of the skin
dermatitis
fibrous tumor of the skin
dermatofibroma
inflammation of a sweat gland
hidradenitis
abnormal condition (growth) of horny tissue (keratin)
keratosis
abnormal condition of a hidden nail (also called ingrown nail)
onychocryptosis
softening of the nails
onychomalacia
abnormal condition of a fungus in the nails
onychomycosis
eating the nails (nail biting)
onychophagia
thickening of the skin
pachyderma
diseased state around the nail (Note: the a from para- has been dropped.)
paronychia
hard skin (chronic hardening or induration of the connective tissue of the skin and other organs)
scleroderma
discharge of sebum (excessive)
seborrhea
yellow tumor (benign, primarily in the skin)
xanthoma
dry skin (a mild form of a cutaneous disorder characterized by keratinization and noninflammatory scaling)
xeroderma
scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury
abrasion
inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
acne
precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight. It may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma.
actinic keratosis
congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment (melanin) in the skin, hair, and eyes
albinism
malignant epithelial tumor arising from the bottom layer of the epidermis called the basal layer; it seldom metastasizes, but invades local tissue and may recur in the same location. Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure.
basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
infection of the skin, mouth (also called thrush), or vagina caused by the yeast-type fungus Candida albicans. Candida is normally present in the mucous membranes; overgrowth causes an infection. Esophageal candidiasis is often seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
candidiasis
infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue composed of a cluster of boils (furuncles, see below) caused by staphylococcal bacteria
carbuncle
inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection; characterized by redness, pain, heat, and swelling
cellulitis
injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration (also called a bruise)
contusion
noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
eczema
slit or cracklike sore in the skin
fissure
painful skin nodule caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle (also called a boil)
furuncle
death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion (a form of necrosis)
gangrene
inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters. Many types of herpes exist. Herpes simplex virus type 1, for example, causes fever blisters; herpes zoster, also called shingles, is characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow nerves inflamed by the virus.
herpes
superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci
impetigo
cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs; frequently seen with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma
overgrowth of scar tissue
keloid
torn, ragged-edged wound
laceration
highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, runny nose, cough, and a spreading skin rash. It is a potentially disastrous disease which can lead to pneumonia, severe bleeding, brain infections (which may cause seizures, developmental delay or chronic brain disease), and sometimes lead to death. Measles is a significant cause of death, despite the availability of a safe, effective vaccine.
measles
invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to methicillin and other antibiotics. It can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated. MRSA is quite common in hospitals and long-term care facilities but is increasingly emerging as an important infection in the general population.
MRSA infection
invasion into the skin and hair by lice
pediculosis
abnormal pocket in the skin that contains hair and skin debris. It is frequently located near the tailbone, at the top of the cleft of the buttocks. If it becomes infected, it can be severely painful and may require surgery.
pilonidal cyst
damage of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by prolonged pressure, often occurring in bedridden patients; the injury, which may be painful, can present as intact skin or an open ulcer (also called pressure ulcer and bedsore; formerly called decubitus ulcer)
pressure injury
chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
psoriasis
chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and abnormal dilation of tiny blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 years
rosacea
skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs. This condition is accompanied by severe itching
scabies
malignant growth developing from scalelike epithelial tissue of the surface layer of the epidermis; it invades local tissue and may metastasize. While most commonly appearing on the skin, SCC can occur in other parts of the body including the mouth, lips, and genitals. The most frequent cause is chronic exposure to sunlight.
squamous cell carcinoma
chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. This autoimmune disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbations. Italso may affect other organs.
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
fungal infection of the skin. The fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair, and nails. Infections are classified by body regions such as tinea capitis (scalp), tinea corporis (body), and tinea pedis (foot). Tinea in general is also called ringworm, and tinea pedis specifically is also called athlete’s foot
tinea
itchy skin eruption composed of wheals of varying sizes and shapes. Urticaria is sometimes associated with infections and with allergic reactions to food, medicine, or other agents. Other causes include internal disease, physical stimuli, and genetic disorders. (also called hives)
urticaria
white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes
vitiligo
surgical repair of the skin
dermatoplasty
excision of wrinkles (also called facelift)
rhytidectomy
destruction of tissue with a hot or cold instrument, electric current, or caustic substance (also called cautery)
cauterization
destruction of tissue by using extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen
cryosurgery
removal of contaminated or dead tissue and foreign matter from an open wound
debridement
procedure to remove skin scars with abrasive material, such as sandpaper
dermabrasion
removal by cutting
excision
surgical cut or wound produced by a sharp instrument
incision
surgical cut made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a lesion, wound, or cavity
incision and drainage
procedure using an instrument that emits a high-powered beam of light used to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissue
laser surgery
technique of microscopically controlled serial excisions of a skin cancer
Mohs surgery
skin transplanted to replace a lost portion of the body skin surface; it may be a full-thickness or split-thickness graft.
skin graft
to stitch edges of a wound surgically
suturing
red skin (abnormal redness of the skin)
erythroderma
abnormal condition of excessive hair (growth) (also called hirsutism)
hypertrichosis
white skin (white patches caused by depigmentation)
leukoderma
yellow skin
xanthoderma
abnormal condition of dryness (of skin, eye, or mouth)
xerosis
physician who studies and treats skin (diseases)
dermatologist
study of the skin (branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases)
dermatology
pertaining to the skin
cutaneous
pertain to skin
epidermal
pertain to under skin
hypodermic
pertaining to within the skin
intradermal
producing horny tissue
keratogenic
pertaining to through the skin
percutaneous
pertaining to under skin
subcutaneous
pertaining to under nail
subungual
pertaining to through the skin
transdermal
pertaining to the nail
ungual
berry-shaped (bacterium) in grapelike clusters (these bacteria cause many skin diseases)
staphylococcus
berry-shaped (bacterium) in twisted chains
streptococcus
localized collection of pus, bacteria, and other material; can occur in the skin (cutaneous abscess) or other locations within the body (internal abscess)
abscess
loss of hair; there are multiple types with various causes, including androgenic, areata, and traction.
alopecia
closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material; can occur in the skin (cutaneous cyst) or other locations within the body
cyst
sweating
diaphoresis
large (greater than 1 cm), flat, blue-purple lesion caused by escape of blood into deeper areas of the skin, as may occur when blood is withdrawn by a needle and syringe from an arm vein
ecchymosis
puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid
edema
abnormal hard spot(s) or area of skin; may include underlying tissue
induration
condition characterized by a yellow coloring of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera (whites of the eyes) caused by the presence of bile (also called icterus)
jaundice
any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease. It is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors.
lesions
condition characterized by white spots or patches on mucous membranes, which may be precancerous
leukoplakia
flat, colored spot on the skin
macule
circumscribed malformation of the skin, usually brown, black, or flesh colored. A congenital nevus is present at birth and is referred to as a birthmark. (also called a mole)
nevus
small, knotlike mass that can be felt by touch
nodule
paleness
pallor
small, solid skin elevation
papule
tiny (0.3 cm or smaller), pinpoint, bright red lesions that result from escape of blood into the skin and mucous membranes.
petechiae
itching
pruritus
small (between 0.3 cm and 1 cm), reddish purple-lesions caused by escape of blood into skin and mucus membranes
purpura
elevation of skin containing pus
pustule
erosion of skin or mucous membrane
ulcer
circumscribed cutaneous elevation caused by a virus (also called wart)
verruca
small elevation of the epidermis containing liquid (also called blister)
vesicle
transitory, itchy elevation of the skin with a white center and a red surrounding area; a wheal is an individual urticaria (hive) lesion
wheal
BCC
basal cell carcinoma
CA-MRSA
community associated MRSA infection
HA-MRSA
healthcare associated MRSA infection
MRSA
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
SCC
squamous cell carcinoma
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
FTSG
full thickness skin graft
I&D
incision and drainage
STSG
split thickness skin graft
derm
dermatology
ID
intradermal
subcut
subcutaneous injection
TD
transdermal
staph
staphylococcus
strep
streptococcus
