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Pathology 3 > Male repro - misc structures > Flashcards

Male repro - misc structures Flashcards

1
Q

spermatocyst

A
  • cystic dilation of epididymal duct (accumulation of sperm)
  • etiology: congenital deformity or acquired occlusion from trauma and onset of spermatogenesis
  • sperm leaks out of duct into surrounding tissue –> inflammation
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2
Q

spermatic granuloma

A
  • sperm outside epididymal duct

- sperm contain mycolic acid –> stimulates granulomatous inflammatory response

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3
Q

anomalies of epididymis

A

segmental aplasia: develop into spermatic granulomas

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4
Q

epididymitis

A
  • inflammation of epididymis
  • co-exists with orchitis
  • canine distemper, brucella ovis in sheep
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5
Q

brucella ovis and epididymitis

A
  • 90% of lesions in tail of epididymis
  • low grade inflammatory response (tubular epithelium destroyed)
  • sperm leaks out –> spermatic granuloma
  • epididymal tail 4-5x normal size
  • testicular degeneration secondary to sperm stasis
  • signs: infertility, palpable lesions
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6
Q

inflammation of the spermatic cord

A
  • funiculitis
  • often follows open castration
  • excessive granulation from tissue infection –> scirrhous cord (caused by extensive scarring) –> pigs from strep/staph infections
  • verminous granulomas in spermatic cord of horses from strongyle larval migration
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7
Q

inflammation of seminal vesicles

A
  • seminal vesiculitis in bulls (most common beef breeds)
  • most common cause used to be brucella abortus
  • arcanobacterium pyogenes causes suppurative inflammation
  • infection sometimes ruptures into pelvis –> abscesses
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8
Q

atrophy of prostate

A
  • senility

- castration –> shrinks in size, becomes firm due to replacement of smooth muscle by fibrous CT

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9
Q

prostatic hyperplasia occurrence

A
  • male dogs 4-5yrs

- 60% of male dogs over 5 have some degree of it

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10
Q

clinical signs of prostatic hyperplasia

A
  • constipation due to rectal pressure from enlarged gland
  • difficulty in urination less common (no compression of urethra, slight pressure on bladder wall will cause urination - can have secondary urinary infections from urinary retention)
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11
Q

etiology of prostatic hyperplasia

A
  • hormonal imbalance (doesn’t occur in castrated dogs)
  • castration is curative
  • estrogen (sertoli cell tumor, castrated male sleep eating subterranean clover)
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12
Q

gross findings in prostatic hyperplasia

A
  • enlargement of gland on rectal palpation

- palpation: soft and fluctuant mass with fluctuant cyst

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13
Q

microscopic appearance of prostatic hyperplasia

A
  • papillary protrusions into lumen

- cyst formation: glands dilated with fluid, epithelium flattened due to pressure

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14
Q

prostatits

A
  • inflammation of the prostate
  • sequela to hyperplasia in old dogs
  • dogs: UTIs, inflammation of fluid in hyperplastic cyst, brucella canis
  • bulls and boars with brucellosis
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15
Q

prostatic neoplasia info

A
  • prostatic carcinoma is only prostatic neoplasm of importance in domestic animals
  • neorplasia not as common in dog as hyperplasia
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16
Q

gross appearance of prostatic neoplasia

A
  • usually unilateral
  • extremely firm on rectal palpation (fibrous CT)
  • can metastasize to regional lymph nodes and/or other organs (brain)
17
Q

ventral frenulum

A
  • fibrous CT attachment of the glans penis to the ventral aspect of the prepuce
  • should separate normally at puberty but sometimes doesn’t
  • persistent frenulum causes ventral deviation of penis upon attempted mating
18
Q

prolapsed prepuce

A
  • cattle (beef breeds)
  • pendulous prepuce turns inside out exposing mucosal surface to outside
  • inadequate muscle arrangements in prepuce
  • prone to injury and infection
19
Q

rupture of penis

A
  • young bulls
  • trauma: being bred too early
  • rupture of tunics: severe bleeding of corpus cavernosum leading to hematoma into surrounding tunics
  • hematoma observed dorsal to penis, anterior to scrotum, sometimes becomes infected
  • severe adhesions may develop –> penile deviations
20
Q

inflammation of the penis definitions

A
  • gland and prepuce together = balanoposthitis
  • inflammation of the glans = balanitis
  • inflammation of the prepuce = posthitis
21
Q

traumatic injury of penis

A
  • acute inflammation
  • important because it heals with stenosis of prepuce
  • phimosis: penis cannot protrude through stenotic prepuce
  • paraphimosis: protruding penis cannot retract into prepuce
  • sequela: adhesions
22
Q

chronic penile inflammation

A
  • old dogs: copious prurulent exudate dripping from prepuce
  • lymphocytic nodules develop under mucosa in response to chronic inflammation
  • difficult to treat
23
Q

campylobacter fetus and trichomonas infection of bulls and penile inflammation

A
  • live in crypts of penis, spread to cows by breeding

- cause early abortions, infertility

24
Q

ulcerative posthitis of sheep

A
  • wether: poorly developed prepuce
  • urine collects in prepuce
  • bacteria break down urine to urea –> ammonia –> pH elevation –> irritation
25
Q

bull penile tumors

A
  • transmissible fibropapilloma: cauliflower-like growth
  • virus etiology: young bulls, bovine papillomavirus-2
  • can be transmitted to cow –> vaginal fibropapilloma
26
Q

horse penile tumor

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • locally invasive
  • can metastasize to inguinal lymph nodes
27
Q

dog penile tumor

A
  • transmissible venereal tumor: spread to female or from female to male, transmitted by transfer of tumor cells (not virus)
  • preputial tumors: squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, mast cell tumor, preputial gland adenoma

Pathology 3 (11 decks)

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