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Microanatomy 1 > Male Repro > Flashcards

Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

The male reproductive organs consist of what?

A
  • testis
  • system of ducts
  • multiple mucous glands
  • penis
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2
Q

What are the testes?
Where are they found?
What is their function?

A

male gonads
found in the scrotal sac
responsible for production of male gametes (spermatozoa) and secretion of male sex hormones ( mainly testosterone)

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3
Q

What exocrine glands secrete the seminal fluid that conveys spermatozoa through the female repro tract?

A
  • seminal vesicles (paired)

- prostate gland

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4
Q

What is seminal fluid?

A

nutritive and lubricating fluid medium that conveys spermatozoa through female repro tract

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5
Q

What is semen?

A

seminal fluid and spermatozoa

Also some desquamated duct lining cells

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6
Q

What is the organ of copulation?

A

penis

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7
Q

What controls an erection?

A

well-developed vascular sinus and controlled blood flow by ANS

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8
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands of Cowper do?

A

secrete fluid which lubricates the urethra

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9
Q

Exocrine component of Testes?

A

produce spermatozoa

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10
Q

Endocrine component of Testes?

A

produce testosterone and estrogen

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11
Q

What in the testes produces testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

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12
Q

What in the testes produces estrogen?

A

Sertoli cells

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13
Q

What cells function as “nurse cells” in the seminiferous tubules?

A

Sertoli cells

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14
Q

Function of Sertoli cells?

A
  • physical and nutritional support
  • phagocytosis
  • estrogen secretion
  • androgen-binding protein secretion
  • secretion of activin and inhibin
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15
Q

What is the purpose of androgen-binding protein?

A

concentration of testosterone and its derivatives

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16
Q

General location of Leydig cells?

A

In stroma

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17
Q

What cells create the blood-testis barrier?

A

Sertoli cells

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18
Q

What is the blood-testis barrier?

A

adjacent Sertoli cells are held together by tight junctions just above the level of the spermatogonia

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19
Q

What is significant about the adluminal compartment of the testes?

A

This is an immune-privileged area, surround by the blood-testis barrier

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20
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

entire process of producing spermatozoa

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21
Q

How many phases are in spermatogenesis?

A

3 phases

  • mitosis
  • meiosis
  • metamorphosis
22
Q

Spermatocytogenesis

A
  • mitotic stage

- Spermatogonia divide, eventually give rise to spermatocytes

23
Q

Meiosis of Spermatogenesis

A

Spermatocyte becomes a haploid spermatid

24
Q

Difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis = duplication of genetically identical diploid cells; carried out by most cell types

Meiosis = production of genetically different haploid cells; occurs only in sexually reproductive cells

25
Q

Mitosis

A
  • duplication of genetically IDENTICAL DIPLOID cells

- carried out by most cell types

26
Q

Meiosis

A
  • production of genetically DIFFERENT HAPLOID cells

- only occurs in sexually reproductive cells

27
Q

Advantage of meiosis?

A

increased genetic diversity d/t cross over

28
Q

Characteristics of Spermatogonia

A
  • most primitive cells
  • involved in mitosis stage
  • located at periphery of seminiferous tubule
29
Q

What cells can a spermatogonia become?

A
  • remain A cells (stem cells)

- become I cells which can then become B cells

30
Q

What is the largest cell of spermatogenesis?

A

Primary spermatocyte

31
Q

What stage starts with primary spermatocytes?

A

meiosis

32
Q

What is the DNA situation in a primary spermatocyte?

A

4N

33
Q

What can happen in the meiosis stage inside a primary spermatocyte to increase genetic diversity?

A

chromosomal cross-over

34
Q

Are secondary spermatocytes smaller or larger than primary spermatocytes?

A

smaller

35
Q

Spermatids

A
  • start out as small round cells

- nuclei flatten out, are heterochromatic, and haploid

36
Q

What is the DNA situation inside a spermatid?

A

1N

37
Q

In what stage do mature spermatozoa form?

A

metamorphosis stage

38
Q

T/F: The development in the seminiferous tubules occurs as an entire tubule.

A

False.

Development happens in waves, with some parts of the tubule containing mostly spermatogonia and others mostly spermatids.

39
Q

T/F: Seasonal breeders may involute to mainly stem cells during off season

A

True

40
Q

Location of Leydig cells (interstitial cells)?

A

In connective tissue between seminiferous tubules

41
Q

Classify the epithelium in the straight tubules?

A

simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium

42
Q

Epithelium in the ductuli efferentes?

A

ciliated, simple columnar

43
Q

Where is sperm stored while it matures?

A

ductus epididymis

44
Q

Epithelium in epididymis?

A

pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia

45
Q

How long does it take sperm to get through the epididymis?

A

10-15 days

46
Q

Epithelium in ductus deferens?

A

pseudostratified columnar

47
Q

What controls the peristaltic contraction of the 3 layers of smooth muscle in the ductus deferens during ejaculation?

A

sympathetic nervous system

48
Q

What is the purpose of seminal vesicle fluid being alkaline?

A

helps neutralize acidity of the vaginal tract, which prolongs the lifespan of the sperm

49
Q

Seminal vesicle fluid contains what?

A
  • proteins
  • fructose
  • mucus
  • vit C
  • flavins
  • phosphrylcholine
  • prostaglandins
50
Q

Ampulla

A

terminal part of vas deferens

not well developed in the pig and cat

51
Q

Prostate

A
  • surrounds the urethra
  • lining cells are simple cuboidal to columnar
  • Corpora amylacea often found in tubules and alveoli

Microanatomy 1 (13 decks)

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