Male Repro

Question 1

The male reproductive organs consist of what?

Answer 1

• testis
• system of ducts
• multiple mucous glands
• penis

Question 2

What are the testes?
Where are they found?
What is their function?

Answer 2

male gonads
found in the scrotal sac
responsible for production of male gametes (spermatozoa) and secretion of male sex hormones ( mainly testosterone)

Question 3

What exocrine glands secrete the seminal fluid that conveys spermatozoa through the female repro tract?

Answer 3

• seminal vesicles (paired)

- prostate gland

Question 4

What is seminal fluid?

Answer 4

nutritive and lubricating fluid medium that conveys spermatozoa through female repro tract

Question 5

What is semen?

Answer 5

seminal fluid and spermatozoa

Also some desquamated duct lining cells

Question 6

What is the organ of copulation?

Answer 6

penis

Question 7

What controls an erection?

Answer 7

well-developed vascular sinus and controlled blood flow by ANS

Question 8

What do the bulbourethral glands of Cowper do?

Answer 8

secrete fluid which lubricates the urethra

Question 9

Exocrine component of Testes?

Answer 9

produce spermatozoa

Question 10

Endocrine component of Testes?

Answer 10

produce testosterone and estrogen

Question 11

What in the testes produces testosterone?

Answer 11

Leydig cells

Question 12

What in the testes produces estrogen?

Answer 12

Sertoli cells

Question 13

What cells function as “nurse cells” in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 13

Sertoli cells

Question 14

Function of Sertoli cells?

Answer 14

• physical and nutritional support
• phagocytosis
• estrogen secretion
• androgen-binding protein secretion
• secretion of activin and inhibin

Question 15

What is the purpose of androgen-binding protein?

Answer 15

concentration of testosterone and its derivatives

Question 16

General location of Leydig cells?

Answer 16

In stroma

Question 17

What cells create the blood-testis barrier?

Answer 17

Sertoli cells

Question 18

What is the blood-testis barrier?

Answer 18

adjacent Sertoli cells are held together by tight junctions just above the level of the spermatogonia

Question 19

What is significant about the adluminal compartment of the testes?

Answer 19

This is an immune-privileged area, surround by the blood-testis barrier

Question 20

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 20

entire process of producing spermatozoa

Question 21

How many phases are in spermatogenesis?

Answer 21

3 phases

• mitosis
• meiosis
• metamorphosis

Question 22

Spermatocytogenesis

Answer 22

• mitotic stage

- Spermatogonia divide, eventually give rise to spermatocytes

Question 23

Meiosis of Spermatogenesis

Answer 23

Spermatocyte becomes a haploid spermatid

Question 24

Difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 24

Mitosis = duplication of genetically identical diploid cells; carried out by most cell types

Meiosis = production of genetically different haploid cells; occurs only in sexually reproductive cells

Question 25

Mitosis

Answer 25

- duplication of genetically IDENTICAL DIPLOID cells | - carried out by most cell types

Question 26

Meiosis

Answer 26

- production of genetically DIFFERENT HAPLOID cells | - only occurs in sexually reproductive cells

Question 27

Advantage of meiosis?

Answer 27

increased genetic diversity d/t cross over

Question 28

Characteristics of Spermatogonia

Answer 28

- most primitive cells - involved in mitosis stage - located at periphery of seminiferous tubule

Question 29

What cells can a spermatogonia become?

Answer 29

- remain A cells (stem cells) | - become I cells which can then become B cells

Question 30

What is the largest cell of spermatogenesis?

Answer 30

Primary spermatocyte

Question 31

What stage starts with primary spermatocytes?

Answer 31

meiosis

Question 32

What is the DNA situation in a primary spermatocyte?

Answer 32

4N

Question 33

What can happen in the meiosis stage inside a primary spermatocyte to increase genetic diversity?

Answer 33

chromosomal cross-over

Question 34

Are secondary spermatocytes smaller or larger than primary spermatocytes?

Answer 34

smaller

Question 35

Spermatids

Answer 35

- start out as small round cells | - nuclei flatten out, are heterochromatic, and haploid

Question 36

What is the DNA situation inside a spermatid?

Answer 36

1N

Question 37

In what stage do mature spermatozoa form?

Answer 37

metamorphosis stage

Question 38

T/F: The development in the seminiferous tubules occurs as an entire tubule.

Answer 38

False. Development happens in waves, with some parts of the tubule containing mostly spermatogonia and others mostly spermatids.

Question 39

T/F: Seasonal breeders may involute to mainly stem cells during off season

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Location of Leydig cells (interstitial cells)?

Answer 40

In connective tissue between seminiferous tubules

Question 41

Classify the epithelium in the straight tubules?

Answer 41

simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium

Question 42

Epithelium in the ductuli efferentes?

Answer 42

ciliated, simple columnar

Question 43

Where is sperm stored while it matures?

Answer 43

ductus epididymis

Question 44

Epithelium in epididymis?

Answer 44

pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia

Question 45

How long does it take sperm to get through the epididymis?

Answer 45

10-15 days

Question 46

Epithelium in ductus deferens?

Answer 46

pseudostratified columnar

Question 47

What controls the peristaltic contraction of the 3 layers of smooth muscle in the ductus deferens during ejaculation?

Answer 47

sympathetic nervous system

Question 48

What is the purpose of seminal vesicle fluid being alkaline?

Answer 48

helps neutralize acidity of the vaginal tract, which prolongs the lifespan of the sperm

Question 49

Seminal vesicle fluid contains what?

Answer 49

- proteins - fructose - mucus - vit C - flavins - phosphrylcholine - prostaglandins

Question 50

Ampulla

Answer 50

terminal part of vas deferens not well developed in the pig and cat

Question 51

Prostate

Answer 51

- surrounds the urethra - lining cells are simple cuboidal to columnar - Corpora amylacea often found in tubules and alveoli