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Microanatomy 1 > Digestive System I > Flashcards

Digestive System I Flashcards

1
Q

Four main layers of the GI tract

A
  • tunica mucosa
  • tunica submucosa
  • tunica muscularis
  • tunica serosa
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2
Q

Tunica Muscosa

A

-intermost layer of GI tract
-Has three sublayers
epithelial lining = stratified, +/- keratin
lamina propria = loose CT
muscularis mucosae = smooth muscle

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3
Q

Tunica submucosa

A
  • consists of dense irregular CT with blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerve plexus
  • may contain glands and lymphatic tissue
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4
Q

Tunica muscularis

A
  • AKA muscularis externa
  • two or more layers of smooth m.
  • inner circular and outer longitudinal layer
  • CT between the two muscle layers contain blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerve plexus
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5
Q

Tunica serosa

A
  • thin layer of loose CT rich in blood vessels, lymph vessels, and adipose tissue
  • covered by simple sqaumous epithelium = mesothelium
  • only for intraperitoneal organs - it’s tunica adventitia when overing retroperitoneal organs
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6
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the lips?

A
  • folds of fibroelastic tissue

- skeletal tissue

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7
Q

Hard Palate

A
  • bony roof of mouth
  • covered by mucosa-stratified squamous epithelium w/ keratin
  • ridges or rugae
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8
Q

In ruminants, the hard palate is a thick keratin layer called what?

A

dental pads

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9
Q

Soft Palate

A
  • ruminants
  • posterior fibrous and muscular extension of hard palate
  • separates oral cavity from nasopharynx
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10
Q

In which direction are the mass of striated muscle fibers oriented in the tongue?

A

oriented in all directions

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11
Q

What is the lyssa?

A

cord like structure extending along ventral midline of tongue

consists of dense collagenous tissue, fat, skeletal m., and occasionally cartilage

well developed in carnivores

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12
Q

Four types of tongue papillae

A
  • filiform
  • fungiform
  • vallate
  • foliate
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13
Q

T/F: All tongue papillae have sensory fuction.

A

False.

All except filiform

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14
Q

gustatory

A

concerned with tasting or the sense of taste

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15
Q

Filiform papillae

A
  • fairly small, cover most of surface
  • elongated conical shape
  • heavily keratinized
  • provide friction to help move food
  • no taste buds = non-gustatory
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16
Q

Fungiform papillae

A
  • larger, less common
  • mushroom shaped
  • lightly keratinized
  • interspersed among filiform p.
  • few taste buds are present
17
Q

Foliate papillae

A
  • several parallel ridges on each side of tongue
  • non-keratinized epithelium
  • leaf-shaped
  • few taste buds
  • gustatory glands (Ebner’s glands) open into the sulcus
  • rudimentary in humans
  • commonly seen in rabbits, hares
18
Q

Vallate (circumvallate) papillae

A
  • largest papillae
  • 8-12 arranged in pairs
  • round in shape
  • surrounded by a deep furrow (moat)
  • numerous taste buds on lateral surface
  • gustatory glands open into the sulcus
19
Q

5 broad categories of tastants

A
  • salty = sodium ions
  • sour = hydrogen ions from acids
  • sweet = sugars and related compounds
  • bitter = alkaloids and certain toxins
  • umami = glutamate
20
Q

Brachydont Teeth

A
  • “brachy” = short
  • do not grow after completion of eruption
  • have a crown, neck, and root

ex - carnivores

21
Q

Hypsodont Teeth

A
  • “hypso” = height
  • continuously erupting
  • do not have definite crown, neck, and root

ex - ruminant cheek teeth, all equine teeth, rodent incisor teeth, canine teeth of pigs, elephant tusk

22
Q

Enamel

A
  • hardest component of human body
  • consists of 96% hydroxyapatite
  • no collagen present
  • secreated by ameloblasts
23
Q

What secretes enamel?

A

ameloblasts

24
Q

Dentin

A
  • harder than bone
  • consists of 70% hydroxyapatite
  • Type I collagen present
  • secreted by odontoblasts
25
Q

What secretes dentin?

A

odontoblasts

26
Q

Cementum

A
  • resembles bone
  • consists of 45% hydroxyapatite
  • Type I collagen present
  • secreted by cementoblasts
27
Q

What secretes cementum?

A

cementoblasts

28
Q

Dental calculus in dogs

A
  • plaque accumulates to form tartar/calculus if not removed periodically
  • plaque can be removed with a brush, but tartar cannot
  • can lead to periodontal disease
29
Q

Development of teeth

A
  1. Thickening
  2. Bud
  3. Cap
  4. Bell
  5. Erupted tooth
30
Q

Dental lamina

A

oral epithelium invades underlying mesenchyme of jaw as dental lamina

31
Q

tooth bud

A

by cellular proliferation, dental lamina forms an epithelial bulge where a tooth will develop

mesenchymal condensation is seen

32
Q

enamel organ

A

tooth bud increases in size and penetrates deeper into mesenchyme, so lower surface becomes indented forming a “cap”

33
Q

Bell (tooth development)

A

cap is converted to a bell during bell stage by the complementary growth of epithelium with papillary mesenchyme

34
Q

enamel organ

A

epithelium that forms enamel

35
Q

T/F: The enamel has no blood supply.

A

True

Microanatomy 1 (13 decks)

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