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Microanatomy 1 > Digestive System II > Flashcards

Digestive System II Flashcards

1
Q

Salivary Glands

A
  • exocrine glands in mouth
  • produce saliva
  • formed by invagination of oral epithelium into lamina propria
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2
Q

Functions of saliva

A
  • digestive
  • lubrication
  • protective
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3
Q

Two Types of Salivary Glands

A
  • Major Salivary Glands

- Minor Salivary Glands

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4
Q

Major Salivary Glands

A
  • large in size
  • located some distance from buccal cavity
  • excretory ducts are long

ex - Parotid, Mandibular, Sublingual, and Zygomatic

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5
Q

Minor Salivary Glands

A
  • smaller in size
  • located close to buccal cavity
  • excretory ducts are short

ex- Labial, Lingual, Buccal

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6
Q

Features of Salivary Glands

A
  • All are compound
  • All are exocrine
  • All are lobulated
  • All are merocrine
  • Almost all are mixed
  • All secrete saliva
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7
Q

Conditioned Reflex Flow of Saliva

A

Sight or suggestion of food stimulates secretion of saliva

ex - dogs, pigs

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8
Q

Unconditioned Reflex Flow

A

Presence of food in the mouth stimulates secretion of saliva

ex - ungulates = any animal with hooves

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9
Q

Serous Cells

A
  • usually pyramidal in shape
  • round basal nuclei
  • well stained RER
  • secrete enzymes and other proteins
  • small lumen
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10
Q

Mucous cells

A
  • columnar in shape
  • compressed basal nuclei
  • poorly stained cytoplasm
  • secrete mucin
  • wider lumen
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11
Q

Myoepithelial Cells

A
  • found inside basal lamina

- contract and expel the secretions out through ducts

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12
Q

Flow of Secretions in Salivary Glands

A

Adenomere -> intercalated duct -> striated duct -> intra-lobular excretory duct -> inter-lobular excretory duct -> surface epithelium of oral cavity

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13
Q

Parotid Salivary Gland

A
  • exclusively serous in humans and domestic animals
  • mixed in puppies…
  • compound gland
  • secrete alpha-amylase that initiates hydrolysis of carbohydrates
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14
Q

What does a parotid salivary gland resemble? How can it be distinguished?

A

Looks like pancreas

Parotid Salivary Glands have striated ducts though

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15
Q

Mandibular Salivary Gland

A
  • usually mucous in dogs and cats
  • serous in rodents
  • mixed in horses, humans, and ruminants
  • serous demilunes are prominently seen
  • secrete alpha-amylase and lysozyme
  • produce 2/3 of all saliva
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16
Q

Sublingual Salivary Gland

A
  • smallest of major glands
  • predominantly mucous in ruminants, swine, and rodents
  • mixed in small carnivores, humans, and horses
  • few serous demilunes are seen
  • secrete mucin as main product
17
Q

esophagus

A
  • muscular tube modified for transport of food to and from the stomach
  • flexible and distensible
  • voluntary and involuntary movement of food
  • 4 layers of GI well represented
18
Q

What parts of the GI tract have submucosal glands?

A

esophagus and doudenum

19
Q

Stomach

A
  • muscular dilation of GI tract
  • mechanical and chemical digestion
  • Two broad regions: non-glandular and glandular
20
Q

What parts of the stomach are non-glandular?

A
  • esophageal region

- forestomach in ruminants

21
Q

What parts of the stomach are glandular?

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • pylorus
22
Q

What is the Margo plicatus?

A

raised transitional line from non-glandular to glandular stomach

23
Q

Ruminant Forestomach

A
  • AKA proventriculus
  • 3 compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum
  • all lined with stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
  • basically an enormous esophageal stomach
24
Q

Which compartment of the ruminant stomach is considered the true stomach?

A

abomasum

25
Q

Rumen

A
  • AKA Paunch
  • conical papillae
  • absence of muscular tissue carried into ruminal papillae
  • pillars and grooves
26
Q

Key Point to ID of Rumen on slide?

A

Lack of muscularis mucosa

27
Q

Reticulum

A
  • AKA Honeycomb
  • Tunica mucosa thrown up into folds or ridges which are covered with papillae
  • reticular folds have a band of smooth muscle at just the tip
28
Q

Key Point to ID of Reticulum on slide?

A

Muscularis mucosa present only in the tips of the folds

29
Q

Omasum

A
  • tunica mucosa forms many long folds called laminae

- 3 layers of muscle from one side of the fold to the other

30
Q

Key Point to ID of Omasum on slide?

A

muscularis mucosa and externa are present

whole length of fold/extension

Microanatomy 1 (13 decks)

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