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ACBS Reproductive > Male Repro > Flashcards

Male Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Spermatic Cord

A

Provide Vascular, lymphatic, and neural connections to body.
Provide Heat Exchange
Houses Cremaster Muscle

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2
Q

Cremaster Muscle

A

Primary Muscle supporting testis. Contracts and relaxes to control blood flow, thus enhancing a cooling action. Aids pampiniform plexus in cooling and cannot extend or contract for a long time like tunica dartos.

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3
Q

Ductus Deferens

A

Straight, thick muscular tube that transports sperm. Goes from epididymus to the ampulla and eventually the ejaculatory duct and then urethra. Mostly smooth muscle in 3 layers.

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4
Q

EGR

A

Extra-Gonadal Reserves- total sperm count from epididymus, vas deferen, and ampulla

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5
Q

Pampiniform Plexus
(Testicular Vein)

A

Network of veins around testicular arteries.
Temperature control for spermatogenesis
Pulse Pressure Eliminator
Diffusion Gradient for Testosterone

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6
Q

tunica dartos

A

mesh-like smooth muscle underneath scrotal skin. Can sustain contraction for long periods of time (such as holding testes close to body during long periods of cold). Expands surface area in heat so more sweat.

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7
Q

Scrotum (and its 4 major layers)

A

1) skin
2) Tunica Dartos
3) Scrotal Fascia
4)Parietal Vaginal Tunic
The scrotum is protective, and has many sweat glands to keep sperm cool

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8
Q

Testis

A

Primary reproductive organ. Same as Ovaries in women
Consists of
1) Testicular Capsule
2) Parenchyma
3) Mediastinum
4) rete tubules
Produces Sperm, Hormones, Protein, Fluid

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9
Q

Testicular Capsule

A

Covering around the Testis
two layers: Visceral Vaginal Tunic and Tunica Albuginea.

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10
Q

Testicular Parenchyma

A

Is divided into the tubular and interstitial compartments
Tubular Compartment:
-Seminiferous tubules
Interstitial Compartment:
-Interstitial cells of Leydig
-Capillaries
-Lymphatic Vessels
-Connective Tissue

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11
Q

Tubular compartment
(seminiferous tubules)

A

Tubulus rectus and tubulus contortus

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12
Q

Interstitial Compartment (parenchyma)

A

all cells and materials ourside of the seminiferous, such as lymphatics, nerves, connective tissues, and Leydig cells that produce testosterone.

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13
Q

Mediastinum

A

Central connective tissue of the testis and houses ducts called rete tubules. Dense, firm nature helps prevent the collapse of rete tubules so that sperm can travel out.

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14
Q

rete tubules

A

tiny channels in which sperms is tranfered out of the testis

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15
Q

seminiferous tubule

A

Is made up of a basement membrane and a layer of seminiferous epithelium. They are microscopic and form convoluted loops that joine with rete tubules.

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16
Q

seminiferous epithelium

A

1) Basal compartment
2) Adluminal Compartment

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17
Q

Sertoli Cells

A

The only somatic cells in the seminiferous epithelium. The higher the number of sertoli cells the greater the amount of sperm and vice versa. Tight junctions band these cells together to split the epithelium into the two compartments basal and adluminal.

18
Q

Blood-Testis barrier

A

Formed by peritubular cells. They surround seminiferous tubules and the sertoli cell junction. It acts a screening to prevent autoimmune diseases from destroying forming germ cells.

19
Q

Excurrent Duct System

A

1) Efferent ducts
2) Epididymal duct
3) Ductus deferens
This whole system allows for storage, maturation, and delivery of sperm

20
Q

efferent ducts

A

converge into a singular duct and then into the head of the epididymus where the epididymal duct begins. Carries mix of newly formed sperm and tubular fluid.

21
Q

Epididymus

A

Provides environment for sperm maturity and eventual motility. Has a head, body, and tail. epididymis provides continuous release of sperm that would otherwise cause immense pressure build-up every day. Continuous trickle flushed out during urination. Also, the head of the epididymis and the epithelium absorb a lot of the rete fluid mixed with the sperm so that sperm concentration is higher by the time it reaches the tail.

22
Q

Epididymal Duct

A

singular long duct, surrounded by smooth muscle causing it to contract. These contractions force the sperm to travel from the head to the tail of the epididymus.

23
Q

Epididymal Transit Time

A

Time it takes for sperm to travel from the head to the tail of Epididymus

24
Q

Seminal Plasma

A

Fluid Vehicle for sperm (it is non-cellular).
Produced by epididymus, ampulla, and accessory sex glands

25
Q

Penis

A

Root, Shaft/Body, and Glans-Penis

26
Q

Sigmoid Flexure

A

S-shaped shaft of penis so that it can contract inside the body until erection occurs.

27
Q

Corpus Cavernosum

A

Majority of penis interior- it is a spongy erectile tissue

28
Q

Corpus Spongiosum

A

Surrounds penile urethra, is also spongy erectile tissue

29
Q

Urethralis

A

Muscle Surrounding Pelvic urethra in circular manner. Moves sperm and seminal plasma into penile urethra

30
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Corpus and Diseminate Prostate

31
Q

Testicular Artery

A

majority mass of spermatic cord.

32
Q

Testicular Artery System

A

serves as pulse pressure eliminator.

33
Q

Countercurrent heat exchange

A

Need testes to be 33 but blood is 39 in the body. Pampiniform wrapped around the testicular artery cools down 6 degrees for testes. Diffusion gradient for testosterone allows it to circle back to testis.

34
Q

Scrotal Fascia

A

Allows testis to move freely (loose connective tissue)

35
Q

Parietal Vaginal Tunic

A

Lines scrotal cavity- it is a thin fluid layer separating vaginal cavity sections. Reduces friction between testes and scrotum.

36
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Occurs in Tubular compartment of Testicular Parenchyma. Close to lumen= more mature. Close to basal compartment= less mature.

37
Q

Tunica Albuginea

A

The Tunica albuginea has finger-like projections
It is a connective tissue with muscle fibers
Is believed to pump sperm into tubules by contracting and relaxing.

38
Q

Overheating of Scrotum

A

Does not affect sperm production Rate
Does impact motility, fertilization, and embryonic viability

39
Q

Cytoplasmic Droplet Location

A

Proximal- Non fertile and non-motile
Distally- Some fertile some motile
In distal part- Fertile, Motile

40
Q

Semin

A

Sperm and non-cellular fluid

41
Q

Ejac Ready Sperm

A

Epid Tail
Ductus Deferens
Ampulla

42
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKA)

A

mutation of PAH gene on chrom. 12q23
single base change
monogenic missense mutation
light pigment, skin rashes

ACBS Reproductive (9 decks)

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