Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ACBS Reproductive > Lecture 19-20 > Flashcards

Lecture 19-20 Flashcards

1
Q

Diffuse Placenta

A

Horses and Pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cotyledonary

A

Ruminants (cattle, goats, sheep, deer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Zonary

A

Carnivores (dogs, cats, ferret)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Discoid

A

Humans, apes, monkeys, rodents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Epitheliochorial

A

pigs, horse, ruminants
least intimate exchange
young born leaner, lower nutrients, and less immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

endotheliochorial

A

dogs, cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hemochorial

A

humans,rodents
Most intimate exhange between mom and fetus
young have higher fat and nutrient stores
more developed immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ruminant epitheliochorial

A

Syndesmochorial: the endometrial epithelium transiently erodes and then regrows so maternal connective tissues are intermittently exposed to the chorionic epithelium
Made up of Bi-nucleate cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Binucleate Giant Cells

A

–migrate from chorionic to endomet. epithelium
–transfer complex mlcls from fetus to mom
–endocrine fxn (secretes lactogen, steroid and PAG’s)
–constitutes 20% of fetal placenta
–originated from trophoblast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Placental Function

A

The placenta is a transient organ: metabolic interchange between mother and fetus
the placenta is is the major endocrine organ of preg: produces hormones, stims mammary glands, and promotes fetal growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Maternal-Fetal Exhange mechanisms

A

Simple Diffusion: High [ ] to low [ ] (gas and water)
Facilitated: membrane transport (proteins and glucose)
Active Transport: membrane proteins transport AGAINST gradient (Na, K, and Ca ++)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Can Cross and Can’t

A

pg 8 and 9 of Lec. 19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Placental Hormones Can . .

A

Stim Ovarian Fxn
Maintain Pregnancy
Influence Fetal Growth
Stim Mammary Function
Assist in Parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Progesterone

A

CL produces most P4 at first and then placenta

CL: secretion of endometrial glands and embryonic membrane attachment

Placenta: maintains preg
depends on species if this takes over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Progesterone Block

A

High P4 blocks myometrial contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ecg = PMSG

A

produced by endometrial cups of placenta
5-10 develop over placental surface
develop between days 35-60 and slough around 100
-Maintains primary CL
-forms and maintains supplemnetary CL’s
-acts like FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hCG

A

primates
from trophoblastic cells
found in blood and urine after 8-10 days of preg
pg 12 lec 19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Placental Lactogen

A

Somatotropic:
maternal growth hormone-like
promotes fetal growth
Lactogenic:
stims mammary gland in the dam

19
Q

Somatotropic and Lactogenic balances in species

A

More lactogenic: ewe, woman, rat
equally: cow, goat

20
Q

Relaxin

A

Produced by either CL or or Placenta
Causes softening of connective tissue in cervix and promotes elasticity of pelvic ligaments

21
Q

Estrogen

A

Important close to and during birth
produced by placenta
increased estradiol removes P4 block
increase secretion of mucosa in cervix and vagina

22
Q

Parturition Requires

A

–myometrium contractility
–cervix dilation
–fetal organ systems for putside uterus survival must be mature
–maternal organ undergone change needed for lactation

23
Q

Parturition and Viviparous species

A

–transition of myometrium from relaxed to excited
–softening of ecm
–weakening of fetal membrane
–inflammation

24
Q

Stages of Hormonal Environment

A

Stage 0: Uterine Contractile Quiescence
Stage 1: Initiation of uterine contraction
stage 2: expulsion of fetus
stage 3: expulsion of fetal membranes

25
Q

Stage 0

A

Uterine Contractile Quiescence
High P4 (block)
Low Estrogen
Myometrium Contractions: During pregnancy- irregular (braxton hicks)
End of Pregnancy: regular, cervical ripening
switch from irrgeular to regular shows effacing and dilation of uterus- birth!

26
Q

Stage 1

A

Initiation of Contractions- cervix dilation
6-12 h humans
3-4 h in sheep
regular uterine contractions
amnion ruptures (water breaking)
cervix becomes dilated (full is 10 cm in humans)

27
Q

Stage 2

A

In human up to 2 hours
fetus pass cervix and vagina
vertex (normal) position:
head first
Breech (bad): buttocks first

28
Q

Stage 3

A

15 minutes after fetal expulsion
All placental fragments must be removed to avoid postpartum infection

29
Q

After stage 0

A

Initiation of Parturition

30
Q

After Stage 1

A

Onset of Labor

31
Q

After Stage 3

A

Delivery of conceptus

32
Q

Fetus Initiates Parturition

A

Space becomes limited in uterus
increase pressure
increased fetal stress (hypoxia)
fetal anterior pituitary releases ACTH and the fetal adrenal cortex releases Cortisol

33
Q

Effects of Increased Cortisol

A

Activates Enzymes converting P4 to E2

Ibcreases PGf2a from placenta (regress of CL)

34
Q

PGF2a

A

produced by uterus and responsible for lutelysis

detrimental to pregnancy prior to parturition
Decreases P4
Increases myo contractractions
Stims Relaxin Synthesis

35
Q

Estrogen increases at Parturition

A

Stims Uterine Contractility
Initiates secretory activity

36
Q

Which Hormones Cause increased myo contractions

A

oxytocin from maternal pituitary
estradiol from placenta

37
Q

Puerperium

A

Repro Tract Returns to its non-pregnant state so female can become pregnant again
-uterine involution
-restore of ovarian function
-repair and restoratuon of repro tract

38
Q

4 major puerperium events

A

-Myometrail Contractions+ expulsion of lochia
-endometrial repair
-resumption of ovarian function
-elimination of bacterial fxn

39
Q

Lochia

A

Blood-tinged fluid containing embryonic and endometrial remnants

40
Q

Conditions that predispose uterus infection

A

retained fetal membranes
dystocia
delay in lochia expulsion due to weak myometrial contractions

41
Q

Milk Contents

A

Colostrum: 1st secretion
increase nutrients and growth factors and immunoglobins

42
Q

Milk Hormones + Growth Factors

A

Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Estradiol, Progesterone

43
Q

Physiological Peptides

A

anti-hypertension
anti-thrombotics
immuno-stimulents
casomorphins

44
Q

Mammogenesis

A

Prenatal: thickened epidermal tissue
postnatal: endocrine mediated
birth to puberty- isometric growth
puberty to pregnancy- allometric growth

SLIDE 15

ACBS Reproductive (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions