male GU pathology Flashcards
Describe the common developmental defects and congenital abnormalities of the penis and testis Describe phimosis, paraphimosis and their risk factors Describe the common inflammatory conditions that may affect the testis Compare and contrast common scrotal cysts Compare and contrast the cliniopathologic and prognostic features of the common testicular neoplasms Describe squamous neoplasia in regards to the penis
abnormal opening of the urethra on the ventral shaft of the penis
hypospadias
abnormal opening of the urethra on the dorsal aspect of the penis
epispadsias
condition on which the foreskin cannot be retracted
phimosis
retracted foreskin cannot be pulled back over the glans penis
paraphimosis
risk factor of phimosis
inflamation of the prepuce (foreskin)
inflammation of the prepuce
balanoposthitis
failure of testicular descent into the scrotum
cryptoorchism
type of cancer found in cryptootchid testes
intratubular germ cell
most common type of neoplasm in the penis
squamous cell carcinoma
risk factors of penile SCC
poor hygeine, smokin, HPV 16 18
common presentation of penile SCC in situ
solitary plaque on older uncircumsized man
common presentation of invasive penile SCC
gray crusted papular lesion on glans or prepuce
most common cancer of testes
SCC
most common cause of scrotal enlargement
hydrocele
accumulation of fluid between tunica vaginais
hydrocele
accumulation of blood between tunica vaginais
hematoceles
accumulation of lymph between tunica vaginais
chyloceles
grotesque swelling of scrotum
eliphantiasis
effects of cryptoorchidism
sterility, atrophy, cancer
causes of epididymitis/orchiditis
STI, UTI, mumps
swollen and tender testes
orchididiits
can elicit granulomatous inflammation in the testis
TB, autoimmune injury
type of testicular torsion with underlying anatomical defect
adult
peak age in testicular neoplasms
15-34
nearly all postpubertal testicular cancers are
germ cell
common benign testicular cancer
sex cord stromal
major risk factor in testicular cancer
cryptoorchidsm, intersex syndromes, FMX, contralateral testes cancer
genetic finding in testicular cancer
isochromosome of 12
all of these cancers have elevated hCG
choriocarcinoma
AFP marker in this cancer
yolk sac tumor
elevated hCG and AFP
mixed tumor
sheets of uniform polygnal cells with distinct cell bordersm lear glycogenrich cytoplasm
seminoma
porrly differentiated pleomorphic cells in cords, sheets or papillary formation
embryonal
cytotrophoblast and sychtiotrophoblast without villius
choriocarcinoma
soft, well demarcated, grey white tumors
seminoma
large- primitive looking cells with basophillic cytoplasm, indistince cell borders, and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli
embryonal carcinomas
most common primary testicular neoplasm in kids under 3
tolk sac tumors
structures resembiling orimitive glomeruli
yolk sac tumors
firm masses with csts and cartilage
tertomas
what age are tertomas malignant
post-puberty
type of testicular cancer that mets early
nonseminomatous germ cell
