ICM Male GU Flashcards
Cover the basics components of the GU exam Know the risk factors and presentation of testicular cancer Describe the differential diagnosis of scrotal pain and be able to describe the clinical manifestation of infection and torsion Describe the presentation of Fournier’s gangrene List the differential diagnosis of hematuria Be able to describe the work up of hematuria Describe the difference between gross and microscopic hematuria List the risk factors and work up for bladder cancer List
clinical signs of testicular cancer
painless nodule or swelling of one testicle
dull ache in lower ab, perianal area or scrotum
breast tenderness and night sweats
acute pain in 10% of cases
major risk factors of testicular cancer
undecended testis
Presentation of testicular torsion
rapid onset of severe testical pain and swelling
most common torsioned testicle
left
PE findings of testicle torsion
high horizontal lie, VERY tender and painful testicle
dx of testicle torsion
scrotal ultrasound, absent aterial flow
most common cause of gross hematuria
urological cancer
most common cause of epididmymtis and epididymoorchitis
< 35 yo chlamydia or gonococcal
> 35 e coli
dx of epididmymtis and epididymoorchitis
UA, or increased blood flow on US
treatment of epididmymtis and epididymoorchitis
antibiotics, NSAIDS, scrotal elevation
def of microscopic hematuria
> 3 RBC/hpf
thins than can cause false positive microscopic hematuria
myoglobinuria, hemoglobinuria, providone/iodine
highest racial risk for bladder cancer
white
biggest risk factor for bladder cancer
smoking
most common type of bladder cancer
urothelial cel carcninoma
schistosoma causes
squamous cell carcinoma
painless hematuria should make you think:
renal cell carcinoma
biggest risk factor for renal cell carcinoma
tobacco cell carcinoma
major genetic risk for renal cell carcicoma
VHL deletion on 3
paraneoplastic associction with renal cell carcinoma
elevated RBC count
hypercalciemia
hypertension (fron elevated renin)
common renal malignancy in children
wilm’s
genetic risk for wilm’s
WT1 on chromosome 11
most common type of renal stone
Ca Oxalate
radiolucent kidney stone
uric acid and matrix
number one reason for kidney stones
dehydration
ddx for older man with urinary issues
BPH
uretral stricture
bladder tumor
prostate cancer
part of prostate BPH occurs in
transition zone
bad long term effect of BPH
urine backs up into bilateral hydronehrosis
treatment for BPH
alpha blockers
5 alpha reductase inhibitors
surgery
most common part of the prostate that develops tumor
peripheral zone
risk factors for prostate cancer
age, being black, family HX
when do you do a ultrasound for prostate cancer?
+ PSA and + DRE
AUA guidlines for start of prostate screening
40
