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Endocrine- MHD > Male Genital Tract II > Flashcards

Male Genital Tract II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common bladder tumor in kids?

A

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

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2
Q

What is the most common mesenchymal bladder tumor in adults?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

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3
Q

What is Peyronie disease?

A

Fibrous bands involving the corpus cavernosum of the penis –> curved, painful erections

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4
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

urethral opening on the ventral surface of the penis (underside, rather than the tip)

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5
Q

What is epispadias?

A

When the urethral opening is on the dorsal surface of the penis

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6
Q

What is phimosis?

A

Prepuce (foreskin) can not be retracted

Can be congenital or acquired (following infection)

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7
Q

What are the three M’s of herpes?

A

Multinucleated
Molding of nuclei
Margination

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8
Q

What kind of virus is molluscum contagiosum?

A

DNA poxvirus

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9
Q

What are the characteristic cells of chondyloma accuminatum?

A

Koilocytes with raisin-like nuclei

Caused by HPV 6 and 11

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10
Q

Most cancer of the penis is what kind?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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11
Q

What causes squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?

A

High risk HPV (16, 18)

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12
Q

What are complications associated with undescended testis?

A

Infertility

Germ cell neoplasm

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13
Q

The serosal cavity of the scrotum is lined with what cells?

A

Mesothelial (like in the lung, heart, abdominal cavity…)

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14
Q

Name two causes of epididymitis/orchitis

A

Mumps, Coxsackie B virus

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15
Q

Which are more common- seminoma or non-seminoma tumors of the testicle?

A

Seminomas

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16
Q

What is the prognosis of seminomas?

A

High! They present early- usually stage one, and are radiosensitive

If they metastasize, they go to lymph nodes

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17
Q

What is the prognosis of non-seminoma testicular cancer?

A

Good- but worse than seminomas. They metastasize through the blood and they present at later stages. Radioresistant

18
Q

List a few common risk factors for testicular cancer

A

Cryptorchidism (undescended testis)
Gonadal dysgenesis with Y chromosome
Testicular feminization
HIV infection

19
Q

What chromosomal abnormality is seen in 90% of germ cell testicular cancer invasive tumors

A

Shortening of the p arm of chromosome 12 - instead of long arm, you have two of short arm on themselves

20
Q

Which hormone is secreted by yolk sac tumors?

A

AFP

21
Q

Which hormone is secreted by choriocarcinomas?

A

hCG

22
Q

Why are yolk sac tumors important in the infant population?

A

Yolk sac tumors are the most common type of testicular tumor in infants up to 3 years

23
Q

What are the characteristic histologic findings of yolk sac tumors?

A

Schiller-Duval bodies/glomeruloid bodies

24
Q

Are pure choriocarcinomas usually seen?

A

Very rarely- they are nearly always present in a mixed form with other tumor types

25
Q

WHat are the two main cell types of a choriocarcinoma?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast

26
Q

What type of teratomas are never seen in post-pubertal males?

A

Benign teratomas

27
Q

Crystalloids of Reinke are pathognomonic for which neoplasm?

A

Leydig cell tumors

28
Q

Most common testicular tumor in adults?

A

Seminoma

29
Q

Most common bilateral primary testicular tumor?

A

Seminoma

30
Q

Most common bilateral testicular tumor?

A

Lymphoma

31
Q

Most common testicular tumor in infants/children?

A

Yolk Sac tumor - secretes AFP

32
Q

Most common non-germ cell tumor of testis?

A

Leydig cell tumor

33
Q

Most common tumors of testis- mixed or pure?

A

Mixed

34
Q

Where in the prostate are carcinomas usually located?

A

Posterior- found by DRE

35
Q

What is the etiology of BPH?

A

DHT –> increases growth of both stroma and glandular components

36
Q

How do we treat BPH?

A

Finasteride- blocks 5-alpha reductase

37
Q

Which is the most common type of prostate cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

38
Q

Which BRCA gene is associated with prostate cancer?

A

BRCA2

39
Q

WHat is the best predictive marker for prognosis of prostate cancer?

A

Gleason grading system-

Grade not stage

40
Q

What are mets commonly associated with prostate cancer?

A

Osteoblastic mets

Endocrine- MHD (17 decks)

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