Male Genital Tract II Flashcards
What is the most common bladder tumor in kids?
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
What is the most common mesenchymal bladder tumor in adults?
Leiomyosarcoma
What is Peyronie disease?
Fibrous bands involving the corpus cavernosum of the penis –> curved, painful erections
What is hypospadias?
urethral opening on the ventral surface of the penis (underside, rather than the tip)
What is epispadias?
When the urethral opening is on the dorsal surface of the penis
What is phimosis?
Prepuce (foreskin) can not be retracted
Can be congenital or acquired (following infection)
What are the three M’s of herpes?
Multinucleated
Molding of nuclei
Margination
What kind of virus is molluscum contagiosum?
DNA poxvirus
What are the characteristic cells of chondyloma accuminatum?
Koilocytes with raisin-like nuclei
Caused by HPV 6 and 11
Most cancer of the penis is what kind?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What causes squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?
High risk HPV (16, 18)
What are complications associated with undescended testis?
Infertility
Germ cell neoplasm
The serosal cavity of the scrotum is lined with what cells?
Mesothelial (like in the lung, heart, abdominal cavity…)
Name two causes of epididymitis/orchitis
Mumps, Coxsackie B virus
Which are more common- seminoma or non-seminoma tumors of the testicle?
Seminomas
What is the prognosis of seminomas?
High! They present early- usually stage one, and are radiosensitive
If they metastasize, they go to lymph nodes
What is the prognosis of non-seminoma testicular cancer?
Good- but worse than seminomas. They metastasize through the blood and they present at later stages. Radioresistant
List a few common risk factors for testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism (undescended testis)
Gonadal dysgenesis with Y chromosome
Testicular feminization
HIV infection
What chromosomal abnormality is seen in 90% of germ cell testicular cancer invasive tumors
Shortening of the p arm of chromosome 12 - instead of long arm, you have two of short arm on themselves
Which hormone is secreted by yolk sac tumors?
AFP
Which hormone is secreted by choriocarcinomas?
hCG
Why are yolk sac tumors important in the infant population?
Yolk sac tumors are the most common type of testicular tumor in infants up to 3 years
What are the characteristic histologic findings of yolk sac tumors?
Schiller-Duval bodies/glomeruloid bodies
Are pure choriocarcinomas usually seen?
Very rarely- they are nearly always present in a mixed form with other tumor types
WHat are the two main cell types of a choriocarcinoma?
Syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
What type of teratomas are never seen in post-pubertal males?
Benign teratomas
Crystalloids of Reinke are pathognomonic for which neoplasm?
Leydig cell tumors
Most common testicular tumor in adults?
Seminoma
Most common bilateral primary testicular tumor?
Seminoma
Most common bilateral testicular tumor?
Lymphoma
Most common testicular tumor in infants/children?
Yolk Sac tumor - secretes AFP
Most common non-germ cell tumor of testis?
Leydig cell tumor
Most common tumors of testis- mixed or pure?
Mixed
Where in the prostate are carcinomas usually located?
Posterior- found by DRE
What is the etiology of BPH?
DHT –> increases growth of both stroma and glandular components
How do we treat BPH?
Finasteride- blocks 5-alpha reductase
Which is the most common type of prostate cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
Which BRCA gene is associated with prostate cancer?
BRCA2
WHat is the best predictive marker for prognosis of prostate cancer?
Gleason grading system-
Grade not stage
What are mets commonly associated with prostate cancer?
Osteoblastic mets
