Malaria Flashcards
What is a parasite of the genus plasmodium that is transmitted via the femael anopheles mosquito?
Malaria
what are the subtypes of malaria?
P. falciparum
P vivax, P ovale, P malariae
what is the incubation period for malaria?
7-30 days
most lethal version of malaria?
P Falciparum
what is the sporogony phase of malaria?
sexual cycle in female anopheles mosquito
what is the exoerythrocytic phase of malaria
asexual cycle in human liver
What is the erythrocytic phase of malaira?
asexual reproduction in RBCs
When do sx of malaria start to develop?
as early as 7 days after bite, as late as several months or more after exposure.
Which category of malaria is characterized by cyclical (paroxysmal) fever, flu like sx, jaundice and mild anemia secondary to hemolysis
Uncomplicated malaria
Which category of malaria is characterized by small blood vessel infarctions, capillary leakage and organ dysfunction, altered mental status, hepatic failure, and severe anemia
severe malaria
what is the clinical hallmark of malaria?
paroxysmal fevers
stages of paroxysmal fever
cold- 1 hour
febrile- 2-6 hrs
diaphoretic- 2-4 hrs
NORMAL
repeat of cycle in 48-72 hrs.
treatment options of malaria are dependent on:
species of malaria
severity of infection
likelihood of drug resistance
pts age and pregnancy status
Treatment of uncomplicated malaria
Chloroquine phosphate 1g,
THEN .5 in 6hrs
THEN .5 in 2 days
treatment of malaria if its in an areath cloroquine resistance?
Malarone (artovaquone/proquanil)
Treatment of severe malaria
Artesunate 2.4 mg/kg IV
followed by doxy 100mg BID
treatment of P ovale malaria
Either treat as complicated or severe and add primaquine 52.6 mg
chemoprophylaxis for malaria
Depending on duration of travel
Atovaquone-proquanil
Doxycycline
Mefloquine
Primaquine
** do not use same drug for treatment that was used for chemoprophylaxis**
What is the most important protective measure for malaria?
proper clothing and awareness
Disposition of malaria
MEDEVAC
