Making DNA fragments Flashcards
And genome projects
What are restriction endonuclease enzymes
They are enzymes that cut up viral DNA
What are palindromic sequences
A sequence that is read the same in both directions
What is a recognition sequence
The opposite strand to a DNA strand that forms a biological palindromic sequence
What is a blunt end
When an enzyme makes a cut that occurs between two opposite base pairs
What is a sticky cut
When an enzyme makes a cut that is staggered and leaves unpaired exposed bases
What is a genome
The entire set of DNA, including all genes in an organism
What is the Human Genome Project
It is a project that mapped out the entire sequence of the human genome for the first time - finished in 2003
What is the proteome
All the proteins made by an organism
What are regulatory genes
Genes that determine when the genes that code for particular proteins should be switched on or off
What is sequencing
It is where a base sequence of an organisms genetic material is identified and recorded
What is recombinant DNA technology
It involves transferring a fragment of DNA from one organism to another
What are transgenic organisms
Organisms that contain transferred DNA
What are 3 ways to obtain a DNA fragment
- reverse transcriptase
- restriction endonuclease enzymes
- gene machine
What does cDNA stand for
Complementary DNA
What are protecting groups
They are used in the gene machine to make sure that the nucleotides are joined at the correct points and to prevent unwanted branching
