DNA And RNA Flashcards
What is DNA used for
To store genetic information
What is RNA used for
To transfer genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
What is a nucleotide made out of
- pentose sugar
- organic base
- phosphate group
What is a nucleotide
The monomers that make up DNA and RNA
What are the 4 possible bases for a DNA nucleotide
- Adenine
- thymine
- cytosine
- guanine
What are the 4 possible bases for a RNA nucleotide
- Adenine
- uracil
- cytosine
- guanine
What is a polynucleotide
Polymer of nucleotides
What is a DNA nucleotide made out of
- deoxyribose
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous organic base
What is a RNA nucleotide made out of
- ribose sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous organic base
What bond do nucleotides form when they join
Phosphodiester
What is the chain of sugars and phosphate called
Sugar phosphate backbone
What does antiparallel mean
Strands in a DNA helix running in opposite directions
What is semi conservative replication
When DNA copies itself before cell division so that each new cell has the full amount of DNA
What is DNA helicase
An enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases on the two polynucleotide DNA strands
What is DNA polymerase
An enzyme that, using a condensation reaction, forms hydrogen bonds between the bases on the original and new strands to create new double helix structures
