Neurone Structure

Question 1

what is an axon

Answer 1

an extension of the cytoplasm

Question 2

what is a cell body

Answer 2

part of the neurone which include the organelles

Question 3

what is the central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 3

made up of spinal cord and brain, carries messages between the body

Question 4

what is a dendrite

Answer 4

extensions of the cell body that connect with other neurones

Question 5

what is a dendron

Answer 5

long nerve fibre extension from dendrites to cell body

Question 6

what is an effector

Answer 6

effectors bring about responses to restore optimum levels in processes such as core body temperature or blood glucose levels, can also include muscle contraction

Question 7

what is the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

network of flattened sacs and tubules , it is involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and cellular homeostasis

Question 8

what is an impulse

Answer 8

it is also known as an action potential and it occurs when sodium ions that enter the neurone diffuse sideways across the axon

Question 8

what is mitochondria

Answer 8

rod shaped organelle that carries out aerobic respiration

Question 9

what is a motor neurone

Answer 9

they transmit electrical impulses from receptors to the CNS

Question 10

what is the myelin sheath

Answer 10

a electrical insulator made up of a Schwann cell

Question 11

what is the node of Ranvier

Answer 11

parts of the axon that aren’t myelinated

Question 12

what is the nucleus

Answer 12

the control center that manages the cells genetic material

Question 13

what is the peripheral nervous system

Answer 13

The nervous system outside the CNS (brain and spinal cord)

Question 14

what is a receptor

Answer 14

Cells or proteins on cell surface membranes that detect a stimuli

Question 15

what is a relay neurone

Answer 15

They transmit electrical impulses between sensory neurones and motor neurones

Question 16

what is a ribosome

Answer 16

They are a small organelle made up of RNA and proteins that create proteins from translation

Question 17

what is a Schwann cell

Answer 17

They are used to make a myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system

Question 18

what is a sensory neurone

Answer 18

They transmit electrical impulses from receptors to the CNS

Question 19

what is the synaptic knob

Answer 19

Part of the presynaptic neurone (one before synapse) which contains synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters (aceytlcholine primarily)

Question 20

What is saltatory conduction

Answer 20

When, across a myelinated neurone, when an action potential is happening, the nodes of Ranvier are depolarised across the axon, so the action potential ‘jumps’ from node to node