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BIOL2022- Immunology, Infection & Inflammation > Macrophages and Phagocytosis > Flashcards

Macrophages and Phagocytosis Flashcards

1
Q

Liver macrophage

A

Kupffer cell

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2
Q

Brain macrophage

A

Microglia

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3
Q

Bone macrophage

A

Osteoclast

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4
Q

Lung macrophage

A

Alveolar Macrophage

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5
Q

Inflammatory macrophages

A

Bone marrow -> monocyte -> macrophage -> activated macrophages

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6
Q

Stages of phagocytosis

A
  1. Chemotaxis + adherance to microbe to phagocyte
  2. Ingesting microbe
  3. Phagosome (phagocytic vesicle)
  4. Lysosomes containing digestive enzymes = phagolysosome
    5.Partial digested microbe
  5. Residual body (indigestable material)
  6. Discharge of waste materials
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7
Q

List receptors bind to structures on pathogen

A

Mannose Receptor
LPS receptor (CD14)
TLR-4
Scavenger receptor
Glucan receptor

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8
Q

Mechanism: acidification

A

pH= 3.5-4.0
Bacteriostatic/bactericidal

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9
Q

Mechanism: Oxygen-derived products

A

Superoxide O2-
Hydrogen peroxide H2O2
Singlet oxygen - O2
Hydroxyl radical
Hyphalite OCL-

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10
Q

Mechanism: Toxic nitrogen oxide

A

NO

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11
Q

Mechanism: Anti-microbial peptides

A

Defensins and cationic proteins

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12
Q

Mechanism: Enzymes

A

Lysozyme - dissolves cell walls of some Gram-positive bacteria
Acid hydrolases-further digest bacteria

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13
Q

Mechanism: Competitors

A

Lactoferrin (binds Fe) and vitamin B12 binding protein

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14
Q

What activates phagocytosis?

A

PAMPS

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15
Q

Degradation of pathogen

A
  1. Oxygen dependent
    2.Oxygen independent
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16
Q

What act as attachment sides and aid phagocytosis of pathogens?

A

Opsonins
Complement (3b)

17
Q

What increases phagocytosis susceptibility?

A

Antibody binding to pathogen/ cell

18
Q

Macrophages

A

Recognise and engulf microbes

19
Q

How are they activated?

A

Inflammatory medicators
TNF-Alpha (cytokine)

20
Q

How it promotes inflammation?

A

Releasing cytokines
Helps recruitment of neutrophil

21
Q

What is molecules are expressed?

A

MHC class II
Present antigens + hypersensitivity response
(chronic inflammation)

BIOL2022- Immunology, Infection & Inflammation (14 decks)

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