Macronutrients

Question 1

What are macronutrients?

Answer 1

Nutrients needed in large amounts.

Question 2

What are the three macronutrients?

Answer 2

•Protein
•Fat
•Carbohydrates

Question 3

What are the functions of protein?

Answer 3

•growth
•repair
•maintaining tissue
•energy (secondary source)

Question 4

What is the difference between HBV proteins and LBV proteins?

Answer 4

HBV proteins contain all 8 essential amino acids, whereas LBV proteins are missing one or more.

Question 5

What are some HBV sources of protein?

Answer 5

•meat
•fish
•Egg
•dairy
•soya
•quinoa
•mycoprotein (quorn)

Question 6

What are some LBV sources of protein?

Answer 6

•lentils
•wheat
•peas
•beans
•nuts
•seeds

Question 7

What are some symptoms of a protein defficiency? (Kwashiorkor)

Answer 7

•poor growth (children)
•muscle loss
•hair loss
•higher risk of infection

Question 8

What happens if someone has an excess of protein?

Answer 8

•strain on the liver
•increased weight

Question 9

What is protein complemention?

Answer 9

Combining LBV proteins to get more of the 8 essential amino acids such as beans on toast.

Question 10

What is a mycoprotein?

Answer 10

A type of fungus used to make quorn.

Question 11

Why cant vegans eat quorn?

Answer 11

Egg white is used to hold it together.

Question 12

Why do men need more protein than women?

Answer 12

They usually are bigger.

Question 13

What is the DRV of protein for 11-14 year old?

Answer 13

40g

Question 14

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 14

•Energy

Question 15

What are some sugar sources of carbohydrates?

Answer 15

•sugar
•treacle
•honey
•fruit

Question 16

What are some starch sources of carbohydrates?

Answer 16

•root vegetables
•cereals
•cereal products

Question 17

What are some symptoms of a carbohydrate defficiency?

Answer 17

•weight loss
•poor growth (children)

Question 18

What happens if you have an excess of carbohydrates?

Answer 18

•increased weight
•too much sugar causes tooth decay

Question 19

What is free sugar?

Answer 19

Sugar added to food.

Question 20

What is fruit sugar?

Answer 20

Sugar that is found naturally in fruit and vegetable cells.

Question 21

What is hidden sugar?

Answer 21

Sugar found in savoury foods.

Question 22

What are complex carbohydrates?

Answer 22

Many simple sugars joined together.

Question 23

What are the complex carbohydrates?

Answer 23

•starch (cereals and root veg)
•pectin (some fruit)
•Glycogen (made from glucose in the body)
•Dietary fibre (cells walls of fruit, veg, pulses, and grains)

Question 24

What are the two types of dietary fibre and what do they do during digestion?

Answer 24

•soluble fibre slows down digestion and absorption of cards which helps controle blood sugar levels.
•insoluble fibre can’t be digested.

Question 25

What is the DRV for dietary fibre?

Answer 25

30g for adults children need less.

Question 26

What are the functions of fat?

Answer 26

•provides energy •provides warmth •protects organs •provides fat-soluble vitamins •provides essential fatty acids

Question 27

What are some animal sources of fat?

Answer 27

•butter •cheese •lard •eggs

Question 28

What are some vegetable sources of fat?

Answer 28

•nuts •vegetable oil •seeds •avocados

Question 29

What happens with a defficiency of fat?

Answer 29

•lack of fatty acids •lack of fat-soluble vitamins •weight loss

Question 30

What is the chemical name for fat?

Answer 30

Triglyceride

Question 31

What does a molecule of fat contain?

Answer 31

•3 parts of fatty acid •1 part of glycerol

Question 32

What are the risks of high blood cholesterol?

Answer 32

•Heart disease •type 2 diabetes •obesity

Question 33

What are the essential fatty acids?

Answer 33

•omega 3 •omega 6

Question 34

Name 3 sources of omega 3 and omega 6.

Answer 34

Omega 3 •oily fish •seeds •green leafy vegetables Omega 6 •chicken •grains •seeds

Question 35

What does cholesterol do?

Answer 35

•makes cell membrane •helps digest fat

Question 36

What are the two types of lipoprotein?

Answer 36

•low density lipoprotein 'bad' •high density lipoprotein 'good'

Question 37

What does lipoprotein do?

Answer 37

It carries cholesterol around the body.

Question 38

What can too much LDL do?

Answer 38

It combined with too much saturated fat build up in the arteries and causes heart disease.

Question 39

What might HDL do?

Answer 39

It may help prevent heart disease.

Question 40

What are the two types of unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 40

•monounsaturated fatty acid has one double bond in its molecule. •polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds in its molecule.