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Food And Nutrition > Macronutrients > Flashcards

Macronutrients Flashcards

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1
Q

What are macronutrients?

A

Nutrients needed in large amounts.

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2
Q

What are the three macronutrients?

A

•Protein
•Fat
•Carbohydrates

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3
Q

What are the functions of protein?

A

•growth
•repair
•maintaining tissue
•energy (secondary source)

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4
Q

What is the difference between HBV proteins and LBV proteins?

A

HBV proteins contain all 8 essential amino acids, whereas LBV proteins are missing one or more.

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5
Q

What are some HBV sources of protein?

A

•meat
•fish
•Egg
•dairy
•soya
•quinoa
•mycoprotein (quorn)

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6
Q

What are some LBV sources of protein?

A

•lentils
•wheat
•peas
•beans
•nuts
•seeds

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7
Q

What are some symptoms of a protein defficiency? (Kwashiorkor)

A

•poor growth (children)
•muscle loss
•hair loss
•higher risk of infection

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8
Q

What happens if someone has an excess of protein?

A

•strain on the liver
•increased weight

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9
Q

What is protein complemention?

A

Combining LBV proteins to get more of the 8 essential amino acids such as beans on toast.

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10
Q

What is a mycoprotein?

A

A type of fungus used to make quorn.

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11
Q

Why cant vegans eat quorn?

A

Egg white is used to hold it together.

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12
Q

Why do men need more protein than women?

A

They usually are bigger.

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13
Q

What is the DRV of protein for 11-14 year old?

A

40g

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14
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates?

A

•Energy

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15
Q

What are some sugar sources of carbohydrates?

A

•sugar
•treacle
•honey
•fruit

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16
Q

What are some starch sources of carbohydrates?

A

•root vegetables
•cereals
•cereal products

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17
Q

What are some symptoms of a carbohydrate defficiency?

A

•weight loss
•poor growth (children)

18
Q

What happens if you have an excess of carbohydrates?

A

•increased weight
•too much sugar causes tooth decay

19
Q

What is free sugar?

A

Sugar added to food.

20
Q

What is fruit sugar?

A

Sugar that is found naturally in fruit and vegetable cells.

21
Q

What is hidden sugar?

A

Sugar found in savoury foods.

22
Q

What are complex carbohydrates?

A

Many simple sugars joined together.

23
Q

What are the complex carbohydrates?

A

•starch (cereals and root veg)
•pectin (some fruit)
•Glycogen (made from glucose in the body)
•Dietary fibre (cells walls of fruit, veg, pulses, and grains)

24
Q

What are the two types of dietary fibre and what do they do during digestion?

A

•soluble fibre slows down digestion and absorption of cards which helps controle blood sugar levels.
•insoluble fibre can’t be digested.

25
Q

What is the DRV for dietary fibre?

A

30g for adults children need less.

26
Q

What are the functions of fat?

A

•provides energy
•provides warmth
•protects organs
•provides fat-soluble vitamins
•provides essential fatty acids

27
Q

What are some animal sources of fat?

A

•butter
•cheese
•lard
•eggs

28
Q

What are some vegetable sources of fat?

A

•nuts
•vegetable oil
•seeds
•avocados

29
Q

What happens with a defficiency of fat?

A

•lack of fatty acids
•lack of fat-soluble vitamins
•weight loss

30
Q

What is the chemical name for fat?

A

Triglyceride

31
Q

What does a molecule of fat contain?

A

•3 parts of fatty acid
•1 part of glycerol

32
Q

What are the risks of high blood cholesterol?

A

•Heart disease
•type 2 diabetes
•obesity

33
Q

What are the essential fatty acids?

A

•omega 3
•omega 6

34
Q

Name 3 sources of omega 3 and omega 6.

A

Omega 3
•oily fish
•seeds
•green leafy vegetables

Omega 6
•chicken
•grains
•seeds

35
Q

What does cholesterol do?

A

•makes cell membrane
•helps digest fat

36
Q

What are the two types of lipoprotein?

A

•low density lipoprotein ‘bad’
•high density lipoprotein ‘good’

37
Q

What does lipoprotein do?

A

It carries cholesterol around the body.

38
Q

What can too much LDL do?

A

It combined with too much saturated fat build up in the arteries and causes heart disease.

39
Q

What might HDL do?

A

It may help prevent heart disease.

40
Q

What are the two types of unsaturated fatty acid?

A

•monounsaturated fatty acid has one double bond in its molecule.
•polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds in its molecule.

Food And Nutrition (19 decks)

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