macronutrients.

Question 1

fats: function.

Answer 1

concentrated energy.
protection for major organs.
component of hormones.
source of fat soluble vitamins: D,E,A,K.

Question 2

fats: 2 types?

Answer 2

saturated and unsaturated.

Question 3

fats: what does saturated do to the body?

Answer 3

increase cholesterol.
too much cholesterol cause health concerns.

Question 4

sources of saturated fat:

Answer 4

butter.
ghee.
lard.
cream.
hard cheese.
meat pies.
coconut oil.
palm oil.

Question 5

fats: role of unsaturated.

Answer 5

help reduce cholestrol.

Question 6

sources of unsaturated fats:

Answer 6

oily fish.
nuts.
seeds.
avocados.
vegetable oils.
soya beans.
some functional foods: cholesterol lowering spreads.

Question 7

fats: excess.

Answer 7

weight gain.
obesity.
related medical conditions.
rises blood cholesterol levels.

Question 8

fats: deficiency.

Answer 8

in babies and children: affect normal growth.
poor supply of fat soluble vitamins.

Question 9

fats: structure.

Answer 9

macronutrient. solid or liquid.
fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 10

types & structure

Question 11

protein: function.

Answer 11

growth.
repair.
maintenance.
secondary source of energy.

Question 12

protein: sources and examples.

Answer 12

animal: meat, fish, poultry, milk, eggs, cheese, insects.
plant: soya, nuts, seeds, pulses, mycoprotein, TVP.

Question 13

protein: excess.

Answer 13

used as energy.

Question 14

protein: deficiency.

Answer 14

rare but in developing countries.
kwashiorkor.

Question 15

who needs more protein?

Answer 15

babies and children- growing.
adolescents- growth spurts.
pregnant women- growing baby.
nursing mothers- lactation.

Question 16

protein: types.

Answer 16

high biological value.
low biological value.

Question 17

animal protein sources: what does it contain?

Answer 17

all essential amino acids.
HBV.

Question 18

plant protein sources: what does it contain and what’s the exception?

Answer 18

lack some essential amino acids.
exception being soya.

Question 19

protein: structure.

Answer 19

chain of simple units called amino acids . 8 amino acids needs to be provided by the diet. children require an extra.

Question 20

what is protein complementation?, who is important for and what is an example of it?

Answer 20

proteins of LBV can be eaten together to provide all essential amino acids.
important for vegetarians.
example: beans on toast.

Question 21

carbohydrates: functions.

Answer 21

healthier way top provide your body with energy compared to sugars.

Question 22

carbohydrates: sources.

Answer 22

bread.
pasta.
rice.
breakfast cereals.
potatoes.

Question 23

carbohydrates: excess.

Answer 23

converted to fat, stored under skin and is the main cause of obesity.
linked to dental decay.
suggest rise in type 2 diabetes is linked.

Question 24

carbohydrates: deficiency.

Answer 24

body will use up protein and fat as an energy source instead.

Question 25

carbohydrates: classifications.

Answer 25

monosaccharides.
disaccharides.
polysaccharides.

Question 26

carbohydrates: other type.

Answer 26

dietary fibre.

Question 27

monosaccharides: what type of structure?

Answer 27

simplest form of carb.

Question 28

monosaccharides: what does it included and where is it found/ its role?

Answer 28

glucose- all other carbs are converted into this in the body.
galactose- found in the milk of mammals.
fructose- found in fruit.

Question 29

disaccharides: what type of structure and how are they formed?

Answer 29

complex sugars that are formed when 2 monosaccharides join together.

Question 30

disaccharides: examples.

Answer 30

sucrose.
maltose.
lactose.

Question 31

polysaccharides: how are they formed?

Answer 31

many monosaccharides units joined together.

Question 32

polysaccharides: examples and how they are formed/ examples.

Answer 32

starch- glucose units together.
glycogen- formed after digestion.
dietary fibre.
dextrin- toasted crust on bread. sugar caramelises on surface.
pectin- found in fruit, forms a gel on cooking.

Question 33

dietary fibre: scientific name:

Answer 33

non-starch polysaccharide (NSP.)

Question 34

dietary fibre: what does it do in the body?

Answer 34

absorbs water, forms a gel like substance. inhibit the absorption of of cholesterol.

Question 35

dietary fibre: what does insoluble NSP do?

Answer 35

isn’t absorbed by the body.
passes through the body as waste which help prevent bowl disease.

Question 36

dietary fibre: function.

Answer 36

absorbs water in the intestine and enables waste food to be expelled from the body quickly and easily.

Question 37

dietary fibre: sources.

Answer 37

wholemeal bread.
wholegrain breakfast cereals( bran flakes, shredded wheat, porridge oats.)
wholemeal pasta.
wholemeal flour.
fruit.
vegetables.
potatoes skins.
dried fruit.
nuts.
seeds.
beans.
peas.
lentils.

Question 38

dietary fibre: how much should adults consume a day?

Answer 38

at least 18g.

Question 39

dietary fibre: deficiency.

Answer 39

constipation.
diverticular disease- pouches form in the intestines which become infected with bacteria.
a low fibre diet can also be linked to cancer, especially bowl cancer.