macronutrients. Flashcards
fats: function.
concentrated energy.
protection for major organs.
component of hormones.
source of fat soluble vitamins: D,E,A,K.
fats: 2 types?
saturated and unsaturated.
fats: what does saturated do to the body?
increase cholesterol.
too much cholesterol cause health concerns.
sources of saturated fat:
butter.
ghee.
lard.
cream.
hard cheese.
meat pies.
coconut oil.
palm oil.
fats: role of unsaturated.
help reduce cholestrol.
sources of unsaturated fats:
oily fish.
nuts.
seeds.
avocados.
vegetable oils.
soya beans.
some functional foods: cholesterol lowering spreads.
fats: excess.
weight gain.
obesity.
related medical conditions.
rises blood cholesterol levels.
fats: deficiency.
in babies and children: affect normal growth.
poor supply of fat soluble vitamins.
fats: structure.
macronutrient. solid or liquid.
fatty acids and glycerol.
types & structure
protein: function.
growth.
repair.
maintenance.
secondary source of energy.
protein: sources and examples.
animal: meat, fish, poultry, milk, eggs, cheese, insects.
plant: soya, nuts, seeds, pulses, mycoprotein, TVP.
protein: excess.
used as energy.
protein: deficiency.
rare but in developing countries.
kwashiorkor.
who needs more protein?
babies and children- growing.
adolescents- growth spurts.
pregnant women- growing baby.
nursing mothers- lactation.
protein: types.
high biological value.
low biological value.
animal protein sources: what does it contain?
all essential amino acids.
HBV.
plant protein sources: what does it contain and what’s the exception?
lack some essential amino acids.
exception being soya.
protein: structure.
chain of simple units called amino acids . 8 amino acids needs to be provided by the diet. children require an extra.
what is protein complementation?, who is important for and what is an example of it?
proteins of LBV can be eaten together to provide all essential amino acids.
important for vegetarians.
example: beans on toast.
carbohydrates: functions.
healthier way top provide your body with energy compared to sugars.
carbohydrates: sources.
bread.
pasta.
rice.
breakfast cereals.
potatoes.
carbohydrates: excess.
converted to fat, stored under skin and is the main cause of obesity.
linked to dental decay.
suggest rise in type 2 diabetes is linked.
carbohydrates: deficiency.
body will use up protein and fat as an energy source instead.
carbohydrates: classifications.
monosaccharides.
disaccharides.
polysaccharides.
carbohydrates: other type.
dietary fibre.
monosaccharides: what type of structure?
simplest form of carb.
monosaccharides: what does it included and where is it found/ its role?
glucose- all other carbs are converted into this in the body.
galactose- found in the milk of mammals.
fructose- found in fruit.
disaccharides: what type of structure and how are they formed?
complex sugars that are formed when 2 monosaccharides join together.
disaccharides: examples.
sucrose.
maltose.
lactose.
polysaccharides: how are they formed?
many monosaccharides units joined together.
polysaccharides: examples and how they are formed/ examples.
starch- glucose units together.
glycogen- formed after digestion.
dietary fibre.
dextrin- toasted crust on bread. sugar caramelises on surface.
pectin- found in fruit, forms a gel on cooking.
dietary fibre: scientific name:
non-starch polysaccharide (NSP.)
dietary fibre: what does it do in the body?
absorbs water, forms a gel like substance. inhibit the absorption of of cholesterol.
dietary fibre: what does insoluble NSP do?
isn’t absorbed by the body.
passes through the body as waste which help prevent bowl disease.
dietary fibre: function.
absorbs water in the intestine and enables waste food to be expelled from the body quickly and easily.
dietary fibre: sources.
wholemeal bread.
wholegrain breakfast cereals( bran flakes, shredded wheat, porridge oats.)
wholemeal pasta.
wholemeal flour.
fruit.
vegetables.
potatoes skins.
dried fruit.
nuts.
seeds.
beans.
peas.
lentils.
dietary fibre: how much should adults consume a day?
at least 18g.
dietary fibre: deficiency.
constipation.
diverticular disease- pouches form in the intestines which become infected with bacteria.
a low fibre diet can also be linked to cancer, especially bowl cancer.
