Macromolecules Flashcards
Macromolecules/biomolecules
Large organic molecules
4 molecules
Lipids-carbohydrates-proteins-nuclei acids
Structurally the macromolecules do?
Polymers made out of monomers
Monomers
Basic sub units- think about a brick
Polymers
Larger more complex structures made of monomers
Dehydration synerhesis/reaction
Builds a polymer by linking monomers does this by removing a water molecule
Hydrolysis
Breaks big polymers into smaller monomers-does this by adding water
Carbohydrates
Main purpose-energy storage short term
Found in. Sugars and starches
Monosaccharides
Single sugar molecule
Glucose
Main fuel for cell
Galactose
In milk
Fructose
Carbohydrate in a fruit
Cells cannot function without
Glucose
Polysaccharides
Larger sugar molecule
Starch
How plants store sugar
Glycogen
How animals store sugar
Cellulose
Structural support in plant cell walls
Every gram of a carbohydrate is
4 calories
Lipids
Main function-energy storage long term
Monomer- fatty acids
Polymer-triglycerides
For every gram of lipid you eat you get how many calories
9
Carbs is the blank thing your body breaks down first
First
When your body runs out of easy acess carbs then it will
Break down lipids next
Phospholipids
A special lipid-structure 2 fatty acids 1 phosphate
Phospholipids head and tail
Head is hydrophilic
Tail is hydrophobic
Phospholipids make membranes
Selectively periable
Lipids and carbohydrates are composed of what elements
C H O
Saturated
No double bonds
Unsaturated
Double bond
