Macromolecule Test Flashcards
1:2:1 ratio of C:H:O
Carbohydrates
Adenine
A type of nitrogen containing base in both DNA and RNA.
Amino Acid
Carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building block of proteins.
Carbohydrate
Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom.
Cellulose
An insoluble substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers.
Chitin
Tough, flexible polysaccharide in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans and in fungal cell walls.
Cytosine
A type of nitrogen containing base in both DNA and RNA.
Dehydration Synthesis
A chemical reaction in which a water molecule is removed to complete the reaction.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA: contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. Make up of DNA is random but the nucleotide pairs have to stay together and can’t mix.
Deoxyribose
A sugar contained in DNA with one less oxygen atom than Ribose.
Dipeptide
An amino acid chain linked by peptide bonds but with just two peptide bonds.
Disaccharide
A carbohydrate with two monosaccharides chemically bonded together.
Double Stranded
Twisted-ladder shape of DNA, formed by two nucleotide strands twisted around each other.
Enzyme
A protein that speeds up a biological reaction.
Fatty Acid
The building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat.
Fructose
A type of carbohydrate that makes fruit sweet.
Galactose
A monosaccharide with the same chemical equation as glucose but differs in the position of one hydroxyl group.
Glucose
A monosaccharide.
Glycerol
A carbohydrate that is used to link lipids.
Glycogen
The stored form of glucose that’s made up of many connected glucose molecules.
Guanine
A type of nitrogen containing base in both DNA and RNA.
Lactose
A type of carbohydrate that is found in dairy products.
Lipid
A hydrophobic biological molecule composed of mostly carbon and hydrogen.
Maltose
A disaccharide formed by chemically bonding two glucose molecules.
Monosaccharide
The basic unit aka monomer of a carbohydrate.
Nitrogen Containing Base
Found in the nucleotide which is the basic unit of DNA and RNA.
Nucleic Acid
A complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information.
Nucleotide
A subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Oil
A type of Lipid.
Peptide
An amino acid linked by a peptide bond.
Peptide Bond
Links together amino acids, an amide-type of the covalent chemical bond.
Phosphate Group
Found in a nucleic acid and contains phosphorus.
Polypeptide
An amino acid chain linked by peptide bonds but with many peptide bonds.
Polysaccharide
A complex carbohydrate aka polymer of the carbohydrate macromolecule.
Primary Structure
The sequence of amino acids linked together to form a polypeptide chain.
Protein
Organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bond; primary building block of organisms.
Quaternary Structure
The association of several protein chains or subunits into a closely packed arrangement
Ribonucleic Acid
RNA: Guides protein synthesis.
Ribose
A pentose sugar found in ribonucleic acid with 5 Carbon atoms, 10 Hydrogen Atoms, and 5 Oxygen Atoms
Saturated
A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds. In the diagram, it will branch off into like a 45 degree angle.
Secondary Structure
Regular, local structure of the protein backbone, stabilized by intramolecular and sometimes intermolecular hydrogen bonding of amide groups.
Single Stranded
RNA= single helixed
Starch
A complex carbohydrate aka polymer or polysaccharide found in foods such as potatoes.
Sucrose
Made up of glucose and fructose aka Sugar.
Tertiary Structure
The overall 3D arrangement of its polypeptide chain in space.
Thymine
A type of nitrogen containing base found only in DNA and not RNA.
Tripeptide
An amino acid chain linked by peptide bonds but with just three peptide bonds.
Unsaturated
An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain.
Uracil
A type of nitrogen containing base found only RNA and not DNA
Wax
A type of Lipid.
