Chapter 9 Quiz Flashcards
Most efficient cell size
Small cells because they have a higher surface area to volume ratio compared to bigger cells.
Interphase
The stage in which the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates its DNA.
Mitosis
The cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide; has four substages
Cytokinisis
The cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating two new cells.
G1 Phase of Interphase
Cell is growing and carrying out normal cellular functions.
S Phase of Interphase
The cell copies its DNA in preparation for cell division.
Chromosomes
Structures that contain the genetic material.
Chromatin
The relaxed form of DNA in the cell’s nucleus.
G2 Stage of Interphase
Follows the S stage and is the period when the cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.
Prophase
First stage of mitosis. Cell’s chromatin tightens into chromosomes. Sister chromatids become visible. Nuclear membrane breaks down. Spindle fibers begin to appear.
Metaphase
Sister chromatids are pulled along the spindle apparatus towards the center of the cell. Chromatids line up at the centromere of the spindle apparatus.
Anaphase
Chromatids pull apart. Microtubules of spindle apparatus shorten. Chromosomes move towards the poles of the cell.
Telophase
Chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin to decondense. Two nuclear membranes form and nucleoli reappear. Spindle apparatus disassembles.
Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
A cell plate forms between the two daughter nuclei.
Cytokinisis in Animal Cells
Microfilaments pinch off to form two cells.
