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Intro to Biology > Lab Practical > Flashcards

Lab Practical Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure attached to the ventral side of the abdomen

A

Umbilical cord- how the fetus receives its oxygen and nutrition from the mother’s bloodstream as well as transferring its nitrogen wastes and carbon dioxide back through it for disposal by the mother’s system.

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2
Q

The remaining scar after the severed umbilical cord drops off.

A

Navel

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3
Q

Structure at the rear end of the body between the upper of the hind legs.

A

Scrotal Sacs- Regulate the temperature of the testes so sperm can be produced. Must be cooler than body temperature.

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4
Q

Structure found immediately ventral to the anus

A

Urogenital Opening(Female)- Receives the penis during mating and is the exit for urine.

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5
Q

Structure that is small and fleshy that separates the urogenital opening from the anus

A

Genital Papilla- Responsible for separating the urogenital opening from the anus.

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6
Q

Structure posterior to the umbilical cord

A

Urogenital Opening(Males)- Opening for the sheathed penis and the exit for urinary bladder.

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7
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the backbone of the pig.

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8
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the belly of the pig.

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9
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the head of the pig.

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10
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the tail end of the pig.

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11
Q

Medial

A

Towards the center line of the pig

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12
Q

Lateral

A

To the side of the pig.

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13
Q

Structure that is a large reddish-brown mass against the posterior side of the diaphragm.

A

Liver- Makes bile and filters the absorbed nutrients carried by the hepatic portal vein from the small intestine

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14
Q

Structure just below the umbilical cord entering the liver with a prominent greenish or grayish color.

A

Gall Bladder- Stores bile made by the liver.

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15
Q

Structure below the liver to the pig’s left.

A

Stomach- Where protein digestion begins and all foods are liquified for further digestion in the small intestine.

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16
Q

Structure attached to the left and posterior surfaces of the stomach which is a light brownish structure.

A

Spleen- Stores and recycles red blood cells.

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17
Q

Between the stomach and liver if you hold the liver forward and the stomach back and enters the anterior end of the stomach.

A

Esophagus- The tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

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18
Q

Structure that leaves the posterior end of the stomach to the right side,

A

Small Intestine- Where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients is completed.

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19
Q

Structure that is a circular ring of muscles keeping the exit of the stomach into the small intestine tightly closed.

A

Pyloric Sphincter- Regulates how quickly or slowly the liquified food from the stomach passes into the duodenum.

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20
Q

Structure that is a white cord that enters from the liver extending from the gallbladder and enters the duodenum through the wall.

A

Common Bile Duct- The duct where the bile produced by the liver that is accumulated into the gall bladder enters the duodenum.

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21
Q

Structure that is seen as the blind extension from the colon.

A

Cecum(relationship to appendix)- corresponds to the appendix which can get infected and cause appendicitis and in herbivores houses cellulose digesting bacteria and protozoa

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22
Q

Structure that has a greater diameter than the small intestine.

A

Large Intestine- Where indigestible food material is decomposed for later elimination and a lot of water is reabsorbed during this process.

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23
Q

Structure beneath the tail of the big

A

Rectum- Where feces are held until they are eliminated.

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24
Q

Structure that lies in a tough and thin sac covering the heart

A

Pericardium- Helps protect the heart from injury and infection.

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25
Q

Structure embedded in the pericardium and partially hides the heart

A

Thymus Gland- Essential in the proper development of the immune system, making antibody precursors(T-cells).

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26
Q

Structure divided into four chambers.

A

Heart- Propels the blood through the circulatory system.

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27
Q

Structure that is the anterior large vein entering the right atrium.

A

Anterior Vena Cava- Drains deoxygenated blood from the head, neck, and anterior body/

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28
Q

Structure that is the posterior large vein that enters the right atrium

A

Posterior Vena Cava- Drains deoxygenated blood from all of the posterior portions of the body behind the diaphragm.

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29
Q

Structures that are veins that enter the heart that can be seen by tipping the posterior part of the heart forward.

A

Pulmonary Veins- Bring oxygenated blood from the lungs and empty into the left atrium

30
Q

Structure that is a thin sheet of muscle which lies across the bottom of the chest, fusing it with the body wall on all sides.

A

Diaphragm- Separates the chest cavity and its organs from the abdominal cavity and its organs. Its contraction and relaxation are responsible for the change in air pressure that inflates and deflates the lungs.

31
Q

Structure that arches to the left with two branches arising at its curve.

A

Dorsal Aorta- Carries oxygenated blood directly out of the left ventricle and carries it either directly or through its branches to all parts of the body.

32
Q

Structure more visible than the aorta because of its anteriorness.

A

Pulmonary Artery- Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it will be reoxygenated.

33
Q

Structures that are a system of vessels seen before cutting open the heart.

A

Coronary Vessels- The system of vessels responsible for supplying cells of the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.

34
Q

Structure at the intersection of the ventricle and the base of the pulmonary artery. Cup-shaped.

A

Semilunar Valves- Prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricle once the blood is pushed into the artery.

35
Q

Structure in the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle.

A

Tricuspid Valve- Protects the opening so blood won’t flow backward into the atrium when the ventricle contracts.

36
Q

Structure in the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

A

Bicuspid Valve- Protects the opening so blood won’t flow backward into the atrium when the ventricle contracts.

37
Q

Structures that are the two branches of the brachiocephalic artery.

A

Right and Left Carotid Arteries- Main suppliers of oxygenated blood to the face and brain; other areas of the head.

38
Q

Structures where one is external to one and that one is interior to the external one.

A

Right and Left Interior and External Jugular Veins- Return deoxygenated blood to the heart from the head region.

39
Q

Structure that lies between the two carotid arteries.

A

Trachea- Airway from the back of the throat to the lungs.

40
Q

Structure that is on the surface of the trachea and is a dark glandular mass.

A

Thyroid Gland- Regulates the body’s metabolism.

41
Q

Structure that is wider than the trachea and supported by stiff cartilage found after tissue is cleared away.

A

Larynx- Voice box which stores vocal cords.

42
Q

Structure that is a little flap of tissue that extends to the the roof of the mouth

A

Epiglottis- Gets folded back over the opening of an airway during the swallowing process.

43
Q

Structures that are on the roof of the mouth.

A

Hard and Soft Palates- Function to separate the nasal and oral cavities.

44
Q

Structure that is posterior to the hard palate and fleshy on the roof of the mouth

A

Soft Palate

45
Q

Structure that is anterior to the soft palate made of bone and cartilage.

A

Hard Palate- Helps the tounge in its job of mechanical digestion.

46
Q

Structures that are two branches that branched from the trachea that go to the lungs and the branches of the two branches entering the lungs

A

Bronchi and Bronchioles- Connects all parts of the lungs to the trachea so that air can be brought in and expelled as efficiently as possible.

47
Q

Structures branched from the bronchi.

A

Bronchioles- Are branched enough to reach every air sac, where the actual gas exchange with blood occurs.

48
Q

Structures on the sides of the heart above the liver.

A

Lungs- The organs of gas exchange for the blood, bringing in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

49
Q

Structures that look like big kidney beans that lie on the back body wall in the abdominal region. Outside of the peritoneum.

A

Kidneys- Remove nitrogen wastes in the form of urine, regulate ion concentrations, maintain the body’s water balance.

50
Q

Structure that arises from all the capillaries of the small intestine.

A

Hepatic Portal Vein- Carries absorbed nutrients to the liver for processing.

51
Q

Structure that lines the abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum- The protective membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.

52
Q

Structure that is the abdominal portion of the aorta, connects to the caudal vena cava.

A

Abdominal Aorta- Carries oxygenated blood from the upper aorta to all of the posterior areas of the body.

53
Q

Structure connected to the posterior vena cava on the other side of the diaphragm and the abdominal portion of the aorta.

A

Caudal Vena Cava- Collects the deoxygenated blood from the posterior areas that the abdominal aorta carries oxygenated blood to, to return it to the heart.

54
Q

Structures that branch off of the abdominal aorta.

A

Renal Arteries- Carry oxygen-rich and waste-filled blood into each kidney.

55
Q

Structures that emerge from each kidney.

A

Renal Veins- Return the caudal vena cava with filtered, waste-free blood that has been deoxygenated by the activity of the kidney cells.

56
Q

Structure that is a white cord that emerges from the medial surface of the kidney and runs posteriorly.

A

Ureter- Carries urine posteriorly from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

57
Q

Structure at the back end of the abdominal cavity.

A

Urinary Bladder- Where urine is stored until it leaves the body.

58
Q

Structure in the reproductive anatomy where urine exits.

A

Urethra- The way that urine exits the bladder to the outside of the body.

59
Q

Structures inside the scrotal sacs at the posterior of the pig.

A

Testes- Produce sperm and male sex hormones.

60
Q

Structure at the posterior end of the epididymis. Sperm duct that runs forward through the body wall and curves toward the mid line.

A

Vas Deferens- Carries sperm cells out of the epididymis to the urethra.

61
Q

Structures that can be seen by holding the bladder back which are composed of glandular tissue.

A

Seminal Vesicles- Where sperm pass through to be joined with a sugar solution.

62
Q

Structures that are lateral and somewhat dorsal to the urethra that are large and whitish.

A

Cowper’s Glands- Where sperm pass through to be joined with fluids used for lubrication and for a swimming medium for the sperm.

63
Q

Structures in front of the dorsal end of the bladder and on top of each uterer. Gland-like mass of tissue .5 inches long.

A

Ovaries- Produce eggs and female sex hormones.

64
Q

Structures around the anterior and dorsal end of each ovary.

A

Oviducts- Carry the eggs from the ovary to the uterus.

65
Q

Structure that merges with the oviduct.

A

Uterus(Uterine Horns)- Is where fertilized eggs develop into young piglets.

66
Q

Structure that comes from the united uterine horns into a single portion.

A

Vagina- The chamber that receives the penis during mating.

67
Q

Structure that is the top right potion of the heart

A

Right Atria- Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.

68
Q

Structure that is the bottom right portion of the heart.

A

Right Ventricle- Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs to be oxygenated.

69
Q

Structure that is the top left portion of the heart.

A

Left Atrium- Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle.

70
Q

Structure that is the bottom left potion of the heart.

A

Left Ventricle- Pumps the oxygen-rich blood into the rest of the body.

Intro to Biology (10 decks)

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