Chapter 2-3.2 Test

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

The study of organisms as they relate to relationships among living organisms and the interaction the organisms have with their environments.

Question 2

Biosphere

Answer 2

The portion of earth that supports life.

Question 3

Biotic Factors

Answer 3

Any living factor in an organism’s environment
Ex: Salmon live in water with other fish, algae, and other organisms. Birds may pass through this area.

Question 4

Abiotic Factors

Answer 4

Any nonliving factor in an organism’s environment.
Ex: soil, water temperature, light availability, amount of rainfall, and range of temperature.

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

A group of organisms of the same species that interbreed and lie in the same place at the same time.

Question 6

Biological Community

Answer 6

All of the populations of species that live in the same place at the same time.
Ex: Coral Reef- coral, fishes, marine plants

Question 7

Ecosystem

Answer 7

All the biotic and abiotic factors in an area.
Ex:

Question 8

Biome

Answer 8

A group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities.
Ex: Tundra, Boreal Forest, Temperate Grassland, and Tropical Rain Forest

Question 9

Habitat

Answer 9

The physical area in which an organism lives.

Question 10

Niche

Answer 10

The role or position, of an organism in its environment.

Question 11

Predation

Answer 11

The act of one organism feeding on another organism
Ex: Predator:Bear Prey: Fish

Question 12

Symbiosis

Answer 12

Close mutualistic, parasitic or commensal association between two or more species that live together.

Question 13

Mutualism

Answer 13

A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit.
Ex:

Question 14

Parasitism

Answer 14

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits at the expense of another organism.
Ex:

Question 15

Herbivores

Answer 15

A heterotroph that eats only plants.
Ex: cow, rabbit, grasshopper

Question 16

Carnivores

Answer 16

A heterotroph that preys on other heterotrophs.
Ex: wolf, lion, lynx

Question 17

Omnivores

Answer 17

A heterotroph that consumes both plants and animals.
Ex: bears, humans, hummingbirds

Question 18

Detritivores

Answer 18

A heterotroph that decomposes organic material and returns the nutrients to soil, air, and water making the nutrients available for other organisms.
Ex. worms, aquatic insects

Question 19

Decomposers

Answer 19

Breaks down dead organisms by releasing digestive enzymes.
Ex: fungi, bacteria

Question 20

Trophic Level

Answer 20

Each step in a food chain or food web.

Question 21

Food Chain

Answer 21

A simplified model that shows a single path for energy flow through an ecosystem.

Question 22

Food Web

Answer 22

A model that shows many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy flows through a group of organisms.

Question 23

Detritivore vs. Decomposer

Answer 23

Both involve making nutrients available for other organisms’s use.
However decomposers break down dead organisms but detritivores decompose organic material.

Question 24

Water Cycle

Answer 24

Evaporation: water to water vapor
Condensation: water vapor to water
Melting: ice to water
Freezing: water to ice

Question 25

Nitrogen Cycle

Answer 25

Nitorgen fixation removes nitrogen from the its reservoir and converts it into a usable form.
Dentrification converts nitrates in the soil back in the soil back into the reservoir.
Reservoir=atmosphere

Question 26

Phosphorous Cycle

Answer 26

Short-term: soil to producers to consumers
Long-term: weathering- the erosion of rocks with phosphorous adds phosphorous to the cycle

Question 27

Carbon/Oxygen Cycles

Answer 27

Producers use carbon dioxide to make food then release oxygen during photosynthesis.
Autotrophs and Heterotrophs release carbon dioxide through the air through cellular respiration.
Carbon is in it’s long-term cycle when organic matter is buried under ground and converted to peat, coal, oil, or gas desposits.

Question 28

Limiting Factor

Answer 28

A biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the number, distribution, or reproduction of a population within a community.

Question 29

Tolerance

Answer 29

An organism’s ability to survive biotic and abiotic factors.

Question 30

Ecological Succcession

Answer 30

The process by which one community replaces another community because of changing abiotic and biotic factors.

Question 31

Primary Succession

Answer 31

The establishment of a community in an area of bare rock or bare sand, where no topsoil is present.

Question 32

Secondary Succession

Answer 32

The orderly change that occurs in a place where soil remains after a community of organisms has been removed.

Question 33

Climax Community

Answer 33

A stable, mature ecological community with little change in the composition of species.

Question 34

Weather

Answer 34

The atmospheric conditions such as temperature and precipitation at a specific place and time.

Question 35

Latitude

Answer 35

Imaginary horizontal lines going from north on the globe to the very south.

Question 36

Climate

Answer 36

The average weather conditions in a specific area, determined by latitude, elevation, ocean currents, and other factors.

Question 37

Precipitation: 15-25 cm per year
Temperature: -70-12 degrees C

Answer 37

Tundra

Question 38

Precipitation: 30-84 cm per year
Temperature: -54-21 degrees C

Answer 38

Boreal Forest

Question 39

Precipitation: 75-150 cm per year
Temperature: -30-30 degrees C

Answer 39

Temperate Forest

Question 40

Precipitation: 38-100 cm per year
Temperature: 10-40 degrees C

Answer 40

Temperate Woodland & Shrubland

Question 41

Precipitation: 50-89 cm per year
Temperature: -40-38 degrees C

Answer 41

Temperate Grassland

Question 42

Precipitation: 2-26 cm per year
Temperature: high: 20-49 degrees C low: -18-10 degrees C

Answer 42

Desert

Question 43

Precipitation: 50-130 cm per year
Temperature: 20-30 degrees C

Answer 43

Tropical Savanna

Question 44

Precipitation: >200 cm per year
Temperature: 20-25 degrees C

Answer 44

Tropical Seasonal Forest

Question 45

Precipitation: 200-1000 cm per year
Temperature: 24-27 degrees C

Answer 45

Tropical Rain Forest