Macromolecule #3: Proteins

Question 1

Proteins are made of what elements?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
(Only protein has nitrogen).

Question 2

What are the building blocks of protein?

Answer 2

Amino Acids

Question 3

Define Essential Amino Acids

Answer 3

Is an amino acid that our bodies cannot produce at all or cannot produce in sufficient amounts to meet what our body needs. Therefore, we obtain essential amino acids from food.

Question 4

How many amino acids are there and how many are essential and non essential?

Answer 4

There are 20 amino acids. 9 are essential 11 and non essential.

Question 5

Define Non Essential Amino Acids

Answer 5

Amino acids our bodies can synthesize in auffielt amounts, so we do not need to consume them in our diet.

Question 6

Define complete proteins

Answer 6

Foods that contain all nine essential amino acids

Question 7

Define incomplete proteins

Answer 7

Foods that don’t contain all essential amino acids.

Question 8

What happens without the proper combination and quantity of essential amino acids? Explain and give examples.

Answer 8

Protein synthesis slows down to a point where proteins can’t be made.
Ex) less histidine -> less hemoglobin protein -> less oxygen transport

Question 9

Which of the following foods has the most protein? A)pasta B)chicken C)beans D)milk

Answer 9

Chicken

Question 10

Explain the shape of red blood cells and relate the shape to its function

Answer 10

-They are shaped like flattened dics with depressed centers.
-They can change shape and flow freely through the finest capillaries and still return to Orginal shape.

Question 11

What is Denaturation? Give an example

Answer 11

When proteins lose shape when subjected to: heat, acids and bases, heavy metals, and other damaging substances.
Ex)Cooked egg whites or curdled milk

Question 12

What happens to the function of a protein when it is denatured,

Answer 12

It results in irreversible loss in protein function.

Question 13

List 3 reasons why we need protein

Answer 13

1.For cell growth, repair, and maintenance.
2.Helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.
3.Help maintain strong immune system.

Question 14

What does PEM stand for?

Answer 14

Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Question 15

How do we avoid protein in our body tissue from being “eaten up” as fuel?

Answer 15

-One must eat enough carbs and fat for energy.
-One must consume enough protein to perform the required work without using up the proteins already playing a role in the body.

Question 16

What is the RDA for protein

Answer 16

0.8 per kg of body weight per day or 10-35% of their total energy intake.