Human Body Test #2 Review

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

-A type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body.
-Neurons are usually found in the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).

Question 2

Cerebrum

Answer 2

-Your cerebrum is the largest part of your brain and is located at the top and front of your skull. Your cerebrum is the part of your brain that is responsible for motor activities, perception, understanding languages, vision, hearing, information, and memory.

Question 3

Cerebellum

Answer 3

-The Cerebellum is the small rounded section that is located at the back of your brain, where your brain connects to your spinal cord. Monitors muscle tone and position and coordinates new muscle movement.

Question 4

Corpus Callosum

Answer 4

-Thick white band of nerve fivers that connects the two halfs of the cerebrum and allows them to communicate and coordinate their activities.
-It is located in the cerebrum.

Question 5

Longitudinal Fissure

Answer 5

-Divides a the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres.
-Located in the brain.

Question 6

Interneurons

Answer 6

-Neurons that connect to brain regions that allows for communication between sensory or motor neurons and the central nervous system.
-Located in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 7

Neuroglia

Answer 7

-Are specialized cells in the nervous tissue that allow it to perform nervous system functions. They are like the “glue” that holds the nervous system together.
-Located in the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system)

Question 8

Somatic System

Answer 8

-Controls skeletal muscles and voluntary movement
-Located in brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).

Question 9

Autonomic System

Answer 9

-Controls smooth and cardiac muscle in your organs and also several glands
-Located throughout your head and body.

Question 10

Motor System

Answer 10

-Carries orders to all three types of muscle and to the body glands, and to tell them how to respond to new information.
-Located in central nervous system.

Question 11

Sensory system

Answer 11

-Provides sensory input for your nervous system.
-Located in the post central gyrus of the perineal lobe.

Question 12

Epidural

Answer 12

-A women receives and injection of local anaesthetics into the epidural space so a woman can continue to participate actively in the birth without severe labor pains.

Question 13

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 13

-Responsible for impulses that control heartbeat, breathing, and the muscle tone in blood vessels, which controls blood pressure.
-Located in the lowest part of the brain and the lowest portion of the brainstem.

Question 14

Convolutions

Answer 14

-Serve a very important purpose by increasing the surface area of the brain, yet allowing it to be “folded” into a smaller space.
-Located in the cerebral cortex.

Question 15

Meninges

Answer 15

-Both brain and spinal cord, are surrounded by a series of protective membranes called meninges. The purpose is to cover over the delicate structures of the brain and spinal cord. They set up layers, cushioning, and shock absorbers.

Question 16

Four lobes of the brain

Answer 16

Frontal lobes- are responsible for motor activities.
Parietal lobes- are involved with body, perception, and understanding language.
Occipital lobes- responsible for vision.
Temporal lobes- are involved in hearing and the combination of sensory, information, and memory.

Question 17

Diencephalon

Answer 17

The section of the brain that is not visible form the exterior. It is responsible for controlling hormone levels, hunger and thirst, body temperature, sleep-wake cycles, and for coordinating the flow of information around the brain.
-Located in the centre of the brain.

Question 18

Sensory nervous system

Answer 18

-The portion of the nervous system responsible for processing input from the environment.
-Located in spinal cord and brain

Question 19

Synapse

Answer 19

-Combination of axon terminal and receiving cell (helps pass signals from one neuron to the next).
-Located in the close connection between axon and dendrite

Question 20

Neurotransmitters

Answer 20

-Are used to send the signal from the neuron across the synapse to the next cell in line.
-Located in the neuron

Question 21

Interneruons

Answer 21

Neurons that clear the way for communication between neurons.
-Located in neurons

Question 22

How does a neuron pass along a signal?

Answer 22

An excitable cell carries a small electrical charge when stimulated. Because neurons are excitable cells, it makes sense that the way neurons send and receive signals is due to tiny electrical currents.

Question 23

What are the four parts of blood and what do they do?

Answer 23

plasma- take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.
erythrocytes (red blood cells)- carry oxygen
leukocytes (while blood cells)- protect us from infection
thrombocytes (platelets)- aid in clotting

Question 24

What are antigens and antibodies and how do they impact possible blood transfusions?

Answer 24

-Antigens are like flags that indentify the blood cell.
-Antibodies are like the cell body’s army that fight intruders (other blood types).
When getting blood transfusion, you have to get blood that is your type or that you are able to receive or else the antibodies would fight the blood type that is not compatible with yours and will cause your blood to clot.

Question 25

What are systolic and diastolic parts of the heart beat?

Answer 25

-Systole is a contraction of a chamber which pumps blood out, while diastole is relaxation which allows the chamber to fill with blood.

Question 26

What’s the difference between arteries and veins?

Answer 26

Arteries:
-Bring blood away from heart
-Blood is usually oxygenated expect pulmonary arteries
-Thick walls
-No valves
-High pressure

Veins:
-Bring blood towards heart
-Blood is usually deoxygenated expect pulmonary veins
-Thin walls
-Valves
-Low pressure

Question 27

What’s the difference between systemic and pulmonary circulation?

Answer 27

-Systemic circulation moves blood from the heart to the body tissue and back.
-Pulmonary (lungs) cirrculation moves blood from the heart to the lungs and back.

Question 28

What are respiration and ventilation?

Answer 28

Respiration- Oxygen is added to the blood and carbon dioxide is removed. Inhaling and exhaling
Ventilation- The movement of the air going down to the terminal ends of the airway.

Question 29

Pharynx (throat)

Answer 29

-Inside the neck
-Acts as the passageway for air, food and liquid.

Question 30

Trachea

Answer 30

-Your trachea sits in your lower neck and upper chest, below your larynx.
-It is a windpipe.

Question 31

Bronchi

Answer 31

Your bronchi are the large tubes that connect to your trachea (windpipe) and direct the air you breathe to your right and left lungs.

Question 32

Bronchioles

Answer 32

At the end of the bronchi, the bronchioles (tiny air tubes) carry air to small sacs in your lungs called alveoli.

Question 33

Lungs

Answer 33

-Your lungs are on each side of your heart, inside your chest cavity.
-Allow us to breath

Question 34

Alveoli

Answer 34

-located at the end of bronchial tubes.
-Small air sacs where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out

Question 35

Diaphragm

Answer 35

-Located below your lungs and heart.
-Allows air to go in and out of the lungs.

Question 36

Capillaries

Answer 36

-Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems.

Question 37

Cilia (hair in nose)

Answer 37

-It helps filter out large particles so they don’t enter the lungs, where they could irritate and clog the airways.
-In nostrils

Question 38

Epiglottis

Answer 38

-Covers the larynx during swallowing.
-Located in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx.

Question 39

Larynx

Answer 39

-Located in the middle of your neck.
-It makes it possible for you to make sounds.

Question 40

What is the difference between innate/inborn and adaptive/acquired immunity?

Answer 40

Innate (inborn) immunity- is the first line of defence against invasion. The body’s inborn ability to fight infection.
Adaptive (or acquired) immunity- the body can recognize specific invaders and can “learn” and change each time they are engaged.

Question 41

Pathogens

Answer 41

Microorganism that causes a disease. Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and other microorganisms, such as cells like fungi or yeast.

Question 42

Antigens

Answer 42

Substances that cause a formation of antibodies. Cell surface markers that help the immune system identify cells.

Question 43

Antibodies

Answer 43

Proteins secreted by B lymphocytes (plasma cells) that attack infected cells.

Question 44

White blood cells (leukocytes)

Answer 44

If an invader has an opportunity to enter the body, white blood cells are responsible for defending the body against invaders.

Question 45

What is the difference between natural vs artificial and passive vs active?

Answer 45

Natural- Immunity is introduced by a natural process. Ex) ‘Catch’ a cold + make antibodies.
Artificial- Immunity is introduced by an artificial process. Ex) Vaccine or injection.
Passive- Antibodies are created by someone else +”given” to you.
Active- You make your own antibodies.