Macromolecule #1: Carbohydrates Quiz Flashcards
Carbs can be classified as?
Simple and complex carbs
What are the two groups of simple carbs?
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides.
-Mono meaning one.
-Saccharide = sugar and Di means two
Glucose (Monosaccharide)
(Look at sketch of shape)
Formula: C6H12O6
-It is the most abundant sugar molecule in our diet and is a good energy source.
-Added sugar
Fructose (Monosaccharide)
(Look at sketch of shape)
Formula: C6H12O6
-It is the sweetest natural sugar and is found in fruit, high-fructose corn syrup, vegetables, wheat, etc.
-Natural sugar
Galactose (Monosaccharide)
(Look at sketch of shape)
Formula: C6H12O6
-It does not occur alone in foods, it binds with glucose to form lactose.
-Simple sugar
-Added sugar
Lactose (Disaccharide)
-Glucose + Galactose
Formula: C12H22O11
- It is commonly found in dairy products and sugar.
Maltose (Disaccharide)
-Glucose + Glucose
Formula: C12H22O11
-It is commonly found in starch molecules.
Sucrose (Disaccharide)
-Glucose + Fructose
Formula: C12H22O11
-It is commonly found in sugar came, sugar beets, honey, etc.
Starch (Polysaccharides)
(Look at sketch)
-It is made of glucose.
-Stored in plants.
-It is found in grains, legumes, and tubers.
Glycogen (Polysaccharides)
(Look at sketch)
-It is made of glucose.
-Stored in liver and muscles of animals.
-It can’t be found in foods.
Fiber (Polysaccharides)
(Look at sketch)
-Made of glucose.
-Stored in structure of leaves, stems, and plants.
-Can be found in grains, rice, seeds, etc.
What is soluble fiber? Give examples
-Dissolves in water.
-Easily digested by bacteria in the colon.
-Promotes softer bowel movement
Ex) Citrus fruits, berries, oats, beans, etc.
What is insoluble fiber? Give examples
-Does not dissolve in water.
-Promotes regular bowel movements, alleviate constipation, and reduce risk for deverticulosis.
Ex) Found in grains, and many vegetables.
Carbs are an excellent source of what? How many calories of energy does carbs provide per gram?
-Carbs are an excellent source of energy.
They provide four calories of energy per gram.
How does carbs fuel daily activity?
-Our bodies rely mainly on carbs and fat for energy for daily activity.
How does carbs fuel exercise?
-As exercise intensity increases, the body starts to use more carbs and less fat.
-Almost 100% of our energy comes from carbs.
What is Ketosis? Why is it important? What is Ketoacidosis and why is it dangerous?
-Without proper carbs, the body breaks down stored fat in a process called Ketosis which produces a fuel called Ketones. If it continues for a long period, to0 many ketones in the blood can lead to ketoacidosis.
-Ketoacidosis interferes harmfully with the body such as high blood acidity, loss of lean body mass, damages body tissues, can lead to a coma and death.
List 3 benefits of including finer in our diet
1.May reduce the risk of colon cancer.
2.May reduce the risk of heart disease.
3.Can enhance weight loss because we feel fuller.
If glucose is not needed for immediately for energy, where is it released to?
The blood stream.
If glucose is not need for immediate energy it will be stored as what in what body parts?
It will be stores as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
When eating a meal what do glucose levels do?
Rise
Glucose needs assistance from what hormones?
Insulin
What organ releases the hormone (Insulin)?
Pancreas
Summarize the two jobs of the pancreas
1.Helps transport glucose from the blood into cells.
2.Stimulates the liver and muscles to take in glucose and convert it to glycogen.
When you have not eaten in sometime, blood glucose levels do what?
Decline
The when glucose levels decline the pancreas releases a different hormone called?
Glucagon
Summarize the two jobs of glucagon
1.Stimulates breakdown of glycogen in liver into glucose for energy.
2.Produces “new “ glucose from amino acids floating in blood and/or tissues such as muscles. Essentially, it eats away at your own body for food.
Explain Hypoglycemia
Blood glucose levels fall lower than normal levels which can leave someone feeling shaky and hungry.
When can hypoglycemia happen?
-To diabetics who aren’t getting proper treatment.
-To non-diabetics whose pancreas secretes too much insulin after a high carb meal. The body clears glucose out of the blood to quickly.
