Human Body #1 Flashcards
Tissue
Is a collection of similar cells that act together to perform a function.
List and describe the 4 main types of tissue
Epithelial tissue - tissue that covers and lines much of the body (Ex. skin mucous, and membranes).
Connective tissue - tissue that is found all over the body and primarily holds things together and provides structure (Ex. cartilage, fat).
Muscle tissue - tissue that provides means for movement by and within the body (Ex. skeletal: voluntary and attached to bones, Cardiac: involuntary and found in the heart, Smooth: involuntary and found in hollow organs.)
Nervous tissue - tissue that transmits “messages” and is made of neurons and neuroglia.
Organ
Is 2 or more types of tissue organized in a way that can do a task that the tissues can’t do on their own.
Anatomy
Is the study of the internal and external structures of the human body.
Physiology
Focuses on the function and vital processes of the various structure making up the human body. Is the study of how an anatomical structure actually functions.
Anterior
Toward the front.
-The belly button in on the anterior surface of the body.
Posterior
Toward the back.
-The patient had a bump on the posterior part of her head.
Medial
Toward the middle.
-The nose is medial to the eyes.
Superior
Toward the top.
-The nose is superior to the mouth.
Lateral
Towards the side.
-The eyes are lateral to the nose.
Inferior
Toward the bottom.
-The mouth is inferior to the nose.
Proximal
Near point of reference.
-The wrist is proximal to the fingers.
Distal
Away from point of reference.
-The fingers are distal to the shoulders.
External
On the outside.
-The external defibrillator is used on the outside of the chest.
Internal
On the inside.
-He received internal injuries from the accident.
Superficial
At the body surface.
-The cut was only superficial.
Deep
Under the body surface.
-The patient had deep wounds from the chainsaw.
Central
Locations around center of body.
-The patient had central chest pain.
Peripheral
Surrounding or outer regions.
-The patient had peripheral swelling in the feet.
Know the difference between frontal (coronal), median (midsagittal), and transverse planes.
The frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections (front and back).
The median plane divides the body into right and left sections.
The transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections (top and bottom).
What is homeostasis and how are negative and positive feedback cycles different? Give an example of each.
Homeostasis - is the physiological process that monitors and maintains a stable internal environment and balance. Survival depends on our ability to maintain homeostasis.
-Negative feed back - if the feedback opposes the stimulus (Ex. the brain uses a negative feedback loop to control body temperature and maintain homeostasis. If it gets a message that your body is cold, then it does things to warm it).
-Positive feed back - increases the chance of a resisting reaction in your body to not be changed which is often harmful if the cycle cannot be broken (anxiety/panic attacks).
List and describe some functions of the skeletal system.
-Provides framework for the human body.
-Produces blood cells.
-Provides protection for organs.