Macleod's II Flashcards
What is Fibromyalgia? Define
Fibromyalgia is Chronic Pain Syndrome, which is defined as pain present for more than 3 months.
Pain disproportionately greater than expected is seen in?
Compartment syndrome acutely and complex regional pain syndrome chronically.
Where is hip pain referred to?
Commonly to the groin, but can also be to the anterior thigh and knees
How to differentiate pain from inflammation and pain from a septic joint?
Pain from inflammation is worse first thing in the morning and eases with movement.
But pain from a septic joint is present both at rest and with movement.
“Flitting” pain starting in one joint and moving to others over a period of days is a feature of?
“Flitting” pain starting in one joint and moving to others over a period of days is a feature of rheumatic fever and gonococcal arthritis.
When vascular or avascular structures are injured, describe the differences in swelling observed.
When vascular structures such as bones and ligaments are injured, bleeding into joints and tissues can lead to tense swelling within minutes.
But when avascular structures such as menisci are torn, it can take hours or days to produce a significant effusion.
What is a common presentation for all joints with an inflammatory or infective cause?
All joints with an inflammatory or infective cause will be warm.
How is DIP joint psoriatic arthritis differentiated from the Heberden’s nodes of osteoarthritis?
Erythema is associated with inflammatory Psoriatic arthritis of DIP joints whereas no erythema is seen in Heberden’s nodes of osteoarthritis.
Proximal weakness can occur in which endocrine condition?
Hypothyroidism
What is true locking, pseudo-locking and triggering?
True locking is a block to the normal range of movement caused by mechanical obstruction, such as a loose body or a torn meniscus, within the joint.
Pseudo-locking is a loss of range of movement due to pain.
Triggering is a block to extension, which then “gives” suddenly when extending a finger from a flexed position.
What are possible reasons of triggering?
Triggering can result from nodular tendon thickening or fibrous thickening of the flexor sheath due to chronic low-grade trauma, or associated with inflammatory arthritis.
Which fingers are usually affected by triggering?
ring or middle finger.
Congenital triggering usually affects the thumb.
Photosensitive rashes are seen in which condition?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
List the extra-articular features of Septic arthritis.
Fever, malaise, source of sepsis, eg skin, throat, gut
List the extra-articular features of Gout
Signs of Alcoholic liver disease or renal failure, tophi
