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Musculoskeletal > Lectures I > Flashcards

Lectures I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the medication given to treat osteoporosis?

A

Bisphosphonates: Alendronate 70MG weekly, Risedronate weekly, Ibandronate monthly
IV bisphosphonate: zoledronate 5MG yearly

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2
Q

What are the 3 pre-treatment checks for osteoporosis treatment?

A
  1. eGFR >35ml/min
  2. Normal calcium and vitamin D
  3. Healthy teeth
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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates?

A

Bisphosphonates inhibits the resorption of bone by osteoclasts and

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4
Q

What does PMR stands for?

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

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5
Q

Where are the sites of pain in PMR?

A

Neck, shoulders, upper arms and hips

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6
Q

When does the pain usually occur in?

A

Pain usually occurs in the early morning

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7
Q

What is the other condition that patients with PMR might experience? Describe this condition and its possible complications.

A

Patients with PMR may have temporal arteritis which is an inflammation of blood vessels in the face. TA can cause blindness if not treated promptly

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8
Q

What is the condition in:
A young lady came in presenting with stiffness to her lower spine. Pain is usually worst in the early morning and will be relieved with movement (takes about 30mins).

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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9
Q

Pain that is worst at night (nocturnal pain) that causes the patient to wake up

A

Usually from malignancy

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10
Q
  1. Pain with leg raise test. What does it indicate?

2. No pain with leg raise test

A
  1. Intervetebral prolapse disc. Usually any conditions affecting the nerve compression.
  2. Fractures of the lower back
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11
Q

What is the term for ‘limping’?

A

Antalgic gait

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12
Q

Patient present with bladder, bowel or sexual disturbances. What should you think of?

A

Think of spinal nerve compression or ankylosing spondylitis

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13
Q

Where is the region of back pain that will be classed under “low back pain”?

A

Low back pain is localised below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds.

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14
Q

What is considered acute back pain?

What is considered chronic back pain?

A

Acute back pain is any pain lasting <3months/12 weeks

Chronic back pain is pain lasting >3months/12 weeks

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15
Q

What is the indication of exercise-related leg weakness or numbness?

A

Spinal stenosis.

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16
Q

Is cervical, thoracic or lumbar back pain a red flag for sinister causes of back pain?

A

Thoracic back pain is a red flag

17
Q

What is sciatica?

A

Sciatica is a radicular pain that travels down the sciatic nerve from the lower spine to the lower back, gluteal muscles, back of the upper thigh, calf and foot.

18
Q

Which is specific for Rheumatoid Arthritis - Anti-CCP antibodies or Rheumatoid Factors?

A

Anti-CCP antibodies

19
Q

Which is not a risk factor for osteoporosis?

  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Obesity
  • Patients on Prednisolone
  • Smoking
A

Obesity

20
Q

A positive Thomas’s test will indicate?

A

Hip flexion contracture and psoas syndrome.

The iliopsoas could be shortened.

21
Q

How often is Methotrexate given? What is usually the dose?

A

Weekly. 2.5MG

22
Q

Which of the following is not a complication/side effect of steroid use?

  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Hypertension
  • Peptic Ulcer
  • Cataracts
  • Diabetes
A

Hypoglycaemia

23
Q

Which is not a risk factor for osteoarthritis?

  • Having a history of Gout
  • Obesity
  • Female
  • Smoking
  • Previous joint injury or disease
A

Smoking

24
Q

Is Methotrexate safe for pregnant women?

A

No

25
Q

What type of drug class does Methotrexate belongs to?

A

DMARDs Disease Modifying Anti-rheumatic drugs

26
Q

How long after taking Methotrexate will males have to wait before attempting conception?

A

3 months

27
Q

When is Methotrexate contraindicated?

A
  • Alcoholism, Cirrhosis, or other liver disease
  • A blood cell disorder such as anemia or leucopenia (lack of WBC)
  • A bone marrow disorder
  • if pregnant or breast-feeding

Musculoskeletal (8 decks)

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