Lectures II Flashcards
What is transcervical fractures?
Transcervical fracture is a fracture to the neck of femur
What are the classical symptoms of reactive arthritis?
Give the hint on how it can be remembered
“Can’t see, can’t pee, can’t climb the tree”
Conjunctivitis, non-gonococcal urethritis, and arthritis
What is the most common cause of reactive arthritis?
STI bacteria such as Chlamydia
Which gender is at risk of Reactive arthritis? What is the most vulnerable age range.
Males between the age of 20-50
What is positive and negative birefringement indicative of?
Negative birefringement: yellow and changes to blue when aligned across the direction of polarization
What is Felty’s Syndrome?
Who are at a higher risk?
It is a condition characterised by rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia.
It is more prevalent in females than males and is commonly diagnosed in ages 50-70.
More common in Caucasians than those of African descent.
What is the difference between the blood vessels affected in Giant cell arteritis and Churg’s Strauss syndrome?
Giant cell arteritis is the vasculitis (inflammation) of large and medium sized vessels.
Churg’s Strauss syndrome is vasculitis of small and medium vessels, arterioles and venules.
What is a common feature of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?
Sinusitis and other upper airway diseases such as nasal obstruction, ulcers, and destruction of the nasal septum, leading to a “saddle-nose” deformity.
What is Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
It is a condition caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency with a classical triad of confusion, ataxia (wide-based gait) and ophthalmoplegia (nystagmus, lateral rectus or conjugate gaze palsies)
What type of patients does Wernicke’s encephalopathy always considered in?
Always consider Wernicke’s Encephalopathy in alcoholics.
What is Adult-onset Still’s disease?
It is a rare systemic autoimmune disease characterised by persistent high spiking fevers, joint pain, and a distinctive salmon-coloured bumpy rash.
It is considered a diagnosis of exclusion.
When is Colchicine given?
Colchicine is given for the treatment of acute gout.
What is polyarthritis and pauciarthritis? Which conditions are associated with each?
Polyarthritis is swelling, tenderness and warmth in >4 joints. such as in chronic inflammatory disease.
Pauciarthritis is awelling, tenderness and warmth in 2 - 4 joints, such as in juvenile chronic arthritis
What is migratory pain indicative of?
Migratory pain: pain is initially felt in a few joints. It goes away and pain reappears in other joints.
Migratory pain is seen in early lyme disease and rheumatic fever.
What type of pain is experienced in rheumatoid arthritis and gout?
In rheumatoid arthritis, there is addictive pain and intermittent pain. Intermittent pain is also felt in gout.
