Macleod's I Flashcards
What is the term used to describe joint pain?
How about muscle pain?
Arthralgia is joint pain.
Myalgia is muscle pain.
What is keratitis?
Inflammation of the cornea
What is haemarthrosis?
Haemarthrosis is bleeding into the affected joint
Describe bone pain
Bone pain is characteristically penetrating, deep or boring, and is worse at night.
What does localised pain suggest?
Localised pain suggest tumour, osteomyelitis (infection), osteonecrosis or osteoid osteoma (benign bone tumour)
Define “podagra”
Gout of the foot, especially the big toe.
What is gout?
Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterised by recurrent attacks of the red, tender, hot and swollen joint. It is due to elevated levels of uric acid in the blood.
What are tophi?
Tophi are hard, painless deposits of uric acid crystals.
What will excessive tophi result in?
Chronic arthritis due to bone erosion.
What will prolonged elevated level of uric acid lead to?
Elevated levels of uric acid may lead to crystals precipitating in the kidneys, resulting in stone formation and subsequent urate nephropathy.
Describe fractured pain
Fractured pain is sharp and stabbing, aggravated by attempted movement or use, and relieved by rest and splintage
Define Oligoarthritis and Polyarthritis.
Oligoarthritis is the involvement of 2-4 joints.
Polyarthritis is the involvement of >/- 5 joints.
Give 2 conditions which are metabolic causes of polyarthritis
Haemochromatosis and gout
Who are more at risk of gout?
Older males
Patients with metabolic syndromes such as hypertension, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and abnormal lipid levels.
Medications such as diuretics, immunosuppressive drugs (ciclosporin and tacrolimus)
What is the management and treatment of chronic gout?
Low-purine diet (less meat), avoid alcohol, medications such as Allopurinol (Zyloprim) or Febuxastat (Uloric)
