MABs Flashcards
Adalimumab: target and disease
TNF alpha antagonist
RA, Psoriatic Arthritis, Ank Spondylitis
Crohn’s Disease, Ulcerative Colitis
Contraindicated in MS; CCF NYH class III-IV; LVEF <50%
AE: exacerbation / change in psoriasis; development of autoantibodies (i.e. SLE), malignancy
Afatinib: Target and disease
EGFR inhibitor
NSCLC with EGFR mutations
Alemtuzumab: Target and disease
Anti CD52
MS, CML, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, transplant induction
AE: profound lymphopenia >12months, Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia, Infusion related reactions
Anakinra:target and disease
IL-1 blockade
RA, Still’s Disease
Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes e.g. familial cold auto-inflammatory syndrome
Axitinib: target and disease
VEGF mainly
2nd line RCC
Basiliximab: target and disease
Anti-IL2R — AntiCD25
antibody against IL-2 receptors expressed on activated T lymphocytes; blocks binding of IL-2, inhibiting T cell activation
Renal transplant
Belatacept: target and disease
CTLA4 fused with Fc, blocks T cell co-stimulation
Renal transplant
Abciximab: target and disease
Platelet gpIIb/IIIa
IgG antibody directed against glycoprotein receptors on the surface of platelets. Prevents fibrinogen from binding to activated platelets
High risk patients for developing re-stenosis post coronary angioplasty
Belimumab: target and disease
Anti-BlyS / BAFF on B cells
BlyS = B lymphocyte stimulator protein
Reduces B cell survival and differentiation into immunoglobulin producing plasma cells
Indication: Active auto antibody positive SLE
AE: depression / mood disorders
Benralizumab: target and disease
Anti-IL5R (CD125)
Blocks IL-5 receptor (expressed on eosinophils and basophils), reducing the production and survival of eosinophils. Also induces eosinophil apoptosis
Severe refractory eosinophilic asthma
Bevacizumab: Target and disease
Anti-VEGF
Inhibits formation of new blood vessels, reducing vascularisation and growth of tumours
Solid organ cancer (colorectal, ovarian CNS), proliferative diabetic retinopathy
AE: HTN, GN, poor wound healing, thrombosis
Beziotoxumab: target and disease
Anti-C. Diff Toxin B
C. Diff
Blinatumomab: target and disease
Bi-specific T cell engaging antibody
Engages CD3 on T-cell to CD19 on B cell
ALL relapse
Bortezomib: target and disease
Proteasome inhibitor
Multiple myeloma
AE: neuropathy, thrombocytopenia
Brentuximab: target and disease
Anti-CD30
Hodgkin’s
Brodalumab: target and disease
Anti-IL17R
Psoriasis
Canakinumab: target and disease
Anti-IL1 beta
Cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes
RA
Gout
Certolizumab: target and disease
Anti-TNF
RA, Psoriatic arthritis, Ank spondylitis, plaque psoriasis
Crohn’s
Does NOT cross the placenta
Cetuximab: target and disease
Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitor Metastatic CRC (KRAS or NRAS wild type) Head and neck SCC
AE: acneiform rash, diarrhoea, ILD, conjunctivitis
Denosumab: target and disease
RANK-L inhibitor
Prevents RANKL binding to its receptor (RANK) on the osteoclast surface. Osteoclast formation, function and survival is disrupted = decreased bone resorption and increased bone mass
Osteoporosis
Eculizumab: target and disease
Anti-C5 ( blocks cleavage of C5 into C5a)
Atypical HUS, PNH, membroproliferative GN, neuromyelitis optica
MUST be meningococcus vaccinated
AE: meningitis
Icatibant: target and disease
Bradykinin-2 receptor antagonist
Anticipated emergency treatment of an acute attack of hereditary angioedema
PBS: patient must have confirmed diagnosis of C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency
Infliximab: target and disease
Anti TNF alpha
First line treatment in Crohn’s; Ulcerative Colitis
Eltrombopag: target and disease
TPO receptor agonist
ITP
Eriotinib: target and disease
EGFR inhibitor
NSCLC
AE: acne, diarrhoea, pneumonitis, hepatitis
Evolocumab: target and disease
PCSK9 inhibitor
Increases hepatic cholesterol uptake
Hypercholesterolaemia
Etanercept: target and disease
TNF blockade
RA, psoriasis, ank spond
Everolimus: target and disease
mTOR blockade
Prevents cell cycle progression and cytokine-induced T and B cell proliferation
Breast cancer, neuroendocrine tumors
Golimumab: target and disease
Anti TNF RA (use with methotrexate) Psoriatic arthritis Non radiologic Ank Spond Ulcerative Colitis
Gefitinib: target and disease
EGFR inhibitor
NSCLC
Ibritumomab: target and disease
Anti-CD20 bound to radioisotope
Non Hodgkin’s
Ibrutinib: target and disease
BTK (Burton’s tyrosine kinase) inhibitor inhibitor-B cell
CLL, Waldenstrom’s, Mantle Cell, chronic GVHD
AE: AF, diarrhoea, platelet dysfunction, fluid retention
Imatinib: target and disease
Target: TKI
Bar-Abl Fusion Protein (CML, ALL)
C-kit mutations
Infliximab: target and disease
Anti TNF alpha
Crohn’s disease, Ulcerative Colitis
Ipilimumab: target and disease
CTLA-4
Binds to CTLA-4 resulting in an enhanced T cell mediated immune response which leads to tumor cell death
Melanoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma
Ixekizumab: target and disease
Inhibits activity IL-17a
Plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis
Ocrelizumab: target and disease
Anti-CD20
Primary Multiple Sclerosis
Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Idarucizumab
Dabigatran reversal
Mepolizumab: target and disease
Anti IL-5 - reducing production and survival of eosinophils
Severe refractory eosinophilic asthma
Natalizumab: target and disease
Anti Alpha-4 beta-7 integrin
Thought to inhibit leukocyte migration from blood into CNS, reducing inflammation demyelination
MS
Omalizumab: target and disease
IgE
Maintenance treatment of mod-severe allergic asthma
Chronic idiopathic urticaria
Pembrolizumab: target and disease
PD1
Inhibits programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor from binding to its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) on tumor cells, reactivating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and anti-tumor immunity
Melanoma
NSCLC
AE: immune related reactions - skin (itch, rash, vitiligo), endocrine (hypothyroid, T1DM), pneumonitis, colitis, autoimmune hepatitis, nephritis, uveitis
Rituximab: target and disease
Anti-CD20
Binds to CD20 on B lymphocytes
In cancer starts an immune response that loses normal and malignant B cells
In chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g. RA) suppresses immune response and inflammation by reducing T cell activation and resulting cytokine production
AE: Hep B reactivation, hypergammaglobulinemia, PML
Secukinumab: target and disease
Anti IL-17A
Chronic plaque psoriasis
Active psoriatic arthritis
Sorafenib: target and disease
TKI Targets c-raf, VEGFR Renal cell cancer Hepatocellular cancer Differentiated thyroid cancer
Sunitnib: target and disease
TKI
Targets VEGFR
Renal Cell Carcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, GI stromal tumor
Trastuzumab: target and disease
HER2
Binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells that over-express HER2. Also activates an immune response that loses tumour cells
HER-2 positive cancers e.g. breast, gastric
AE: cardiac failure
Ustekinumab: target and disease
Anti IL-12 and IL-23
Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn’s
Levantinib: target and disease
Multikinase inhibitor
Inhibits VEGFR, Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR), c-kit and RET proto-oncogene
Thyroid cancer
AE: hypertension
Abatacept: target and disease
CTLA4 bound to fc end of Ig
= B7 blocker (CD80 / CD86)
Prevents T cell activation
Nivolumab: target and disease
Anti-PD-1
Reactivates cytotoxic T cells and anti tumor immunity
Metastatic Melanoma, NSCLC, SCC head and neck cancer, Hodgkin Lymphoma, HCC, RCC, bladder cancer
Tofacitinib: mechanism and disease
Jack 3 > 1 > 2
RA, IBD, psoriasis, transplant rejection
Ruxolitinib: target and disease
Jak1 and Jak2
Myeloproliferative diseases
Erenumab: target and disease
CGRP: calcitonin gene-related peptide
Mediated trigemino-vascular pain transmission and vasodilatory component of neurological inflammation
Indication: prevention of migraine
Tocilizumab: target and disease
Anti IL-6
RA, Giant Cell Arteritis
AE: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, increased risk of GI perforation (e.g diverticulitis)
Venetoclax: target and disease
Inhibits BCL-2 protein
CLL
BCL2 = anti apoptotic protein over expressed in CLL cells
Ocrelizumab: target and disease
Selectively depletes CD20 positive B lymphocytes
MS
Daratumumab
CD38
Myeloma
Emicizumab
Binds to factors IXa and X simultaneously
Brings these 2 molecules together- substitutes for the scaffold role of factor VIIIa as a cofactor for factor IXa in activating factor X.
Prophylaxis for patients with Haemophilia A
Durvalumab
PD-L1 inhibitor
Advanced urothelial carcinoma
Osimertinib
T790M mutation in NSCLC
Ribociclib
Inhibits cyclin dependent kinase 4 and 6
Advanced breast ca