Geriatrics

Question 1

5 criteria of Fried’s Frailty Phenotype

Answer 1

Unintentional weight loss
Self reported exhaustion 
Weakness
Slow walking speed
Low physical activity 

Frail = 3 or more criteria

Question 2

Mild Cognitive Impairment

Answer 2

Subjective memory complaint
Objective memory impairment (for age and education)
Preserved general cognitive function 
Intact ADLs
Not demented

Question 3

MOCA

Answer 3

Designed your defect mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer’s
Cut off score of 26
MOCA higher sensitivity in detecting MCI and Alzheimer’s than MMSE
MMSE higher specificity

Question 4

Normal physiological ageing of the cardiovascular system

Answer 4

Increased fibrous tissue in the myocardium
Decreased early diastolic filling
Large artery stiffening - increased afterload = LVH
Reduced baroreceptor sensitivity
Reduced cells in SA and AV node
Decreased responsiveness to parasympathetic antagonists (atropine) and beta-adrenergic agonists
Decrease in maximum HR

Question 5

Conversion rate of mild cognitive impairment to dementia?

Answer 5

9.6%

Question 6

Why do beta blockers have a decreased effect in the elderly?

Answer 6

Decreased density of beta adrenergic receptors